Figure 4.

Roles of GPR40 and PLC in mediating GW9508-induced tight junction assembly. Cells were cultured for 16 h in Ca²⁺-free media. TER of Calu-3 cell monolayers was then measured after replacement of Ca²⁺-free media with the media containing Ca²⁺ plus vehicle or GW9508 (5 μM). (A) Role of GPR40. Cells were pretreated with GPR40 antagonists DC260126 (3 μM) or GW1100 (3 μM). (B) Role of PLC. Cells were pretreated with PLC inhibitor U73122 (20 μM). Data are expressed as means of % baseline TER ± S.E.M (n = 6). *** p < 0.001 compared with vehicle-treated group. # p < 0.05; ### p < 0.001 compared with GW9508-treated group. § p < 0.05; §§§ p < 0.001 compared between GW9508-treated and GW9508 + GW1100-treated groups (two-way ANOVA).