Figure 1.

Glucose-related measurements from the four-phase hyperinsulinemic clamp. Data are shown according to T1D and non-T1D status and by phase of the clamp, denoted per insulin dose as nonrepeated measures. Nonrepeated phase-specific measures of hepatic IR are quantified by the 16-mU/m²/min phase of EGP, and measures of peripheral IR are quantified by the 80-mU/m²/min phase of the MCR, enclosed by a rectangle. The remaining phase values were used for modeling the entire curves per group. Data are presented as mean and SEM. (A) Serum glucose concentrations were initially higher in T1D and were similar between groups. (B) Serum insulin concentrations were higher overnight in T1D and similar between groups. (C) Glucose mass+2 enrichment was higher in controls after the basal phase. (D) Endogenous glucose production was higher in T1D during the hepatic phase 16 of the clamp. (E) Glucose metabolic clearance rate was lower in T1D in the peripheral phase 80 of the clamp. (F) Predicted EGP is higher in T1D at 55 μIU/mL insulin. CON, control; TTR, tracer-to-tracee ratio.