Table 1.
Participant Demographic and Physical Characteristics and Lifestyle Measurements
| Characteristic | T1D Group | Control Group | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n | 35 | 22 | — |
| Age, y | 16 (14, 17) | 14 (12, 17) | 0.08 |
| Female/male, n/n (% female) | 19/16 (53) | 16/6 (73) | 0.16 |
| Height, cm | 168 ± 2 | 162 ± 2 | 0.01 |
| Weight, kg | 71 ± 3 | 64 ± 4 | 0.14 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.0 (21.0, 29.9) | 22.5 (19.0, 30.0) | 0.48 |
| BMI percentile | 82 (55, 96) | 72 (51, 97) | 0.63 |
| Ethnicity | <0.004 | ||
| White | 28 (80) | 9 (41) | |
| Hispanic | 5 (14) | 8 (36) | |
| Black | 1 (3) | 5 (23) | |
| Asian | 1 (3) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Tanner stage | 5.0 (4.0, 5.0) | 4.5 (4.0, 5.0) | 0.11 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 83 (74, 89) | 72 (66, 97) | 0.24 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.82 ± 0.09 | 0.19 |
| Lean mass , % | 67.8 ± 9.0 | 64.7 ± 9.1 | 0.02 |
| Total body fat , % | 29.3 ± 9.0 | 32.2 ± 9.3 | 0.26 |
| Liver fat , % | 1.0 (0.0, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.1, 2.3) | 0.51 |
| Visceral fat , % | 15.4 (11.3, 19.4) | 15.8 (12.0, 20.5) | 0.51 |
| Daily METs from 3DPAR | 64 ± 17 | 58 ± 10 | 0.08 |
| Accelerometer data | |||
| Sedentary , % | 0.65 ± 0.18 | 0.61 ± 0.15 | 0.36 |
| Lifestyle + light , % | 0.27 ± 0.12 | 0.32 ± 0.10 | 0.09 |
| Moderate + vigorous + very vigorous, % | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.11) | 0.65 |
Data are shown as mean ± SD or as median (first, third quartiles).
Abbreviations: 3DPAR, 3-day physical activity recall; METs, metabolic units.