Measurement of NOX2 in serum samples of patients with GD and healthy controls. Serum was used from untreated hyperthyroid patients with GD (n = 22), treated euthyroid patients with GD (n = 19), patients with toxic nodular goiter (n = 5), and euthyroid healthy control subjects (n = 10). The black horizontal line indicates the median. Marked differences were noted between hyperthyroid untreated patients with GD vs euthyroid treated patients with GD, hyperthyroid untreated patients with toxic nodular goiter, and healthy control subjects. ***P < 0.0001.