(A to D) CD spectra of GQ2 (A), GQ18 (B), GQ12 (C), and GQ33 (D) represent the parallel, antiparallel, mixed, and weak G4 sequences, respectively. A parallel G4 (GQ2) showed a peak at 260 nm and a trough at 240 nm (A), whereas an antiparallel G4 (GQ18) was characterized by a peak at 290 nm and trough at 260 nm (B). GQ12 showed a mixed structure with a shoulder around the 290 nm region in addition to the parallel G4 peaks (C). In a weak G4 (GQ33), a broad shoulder was observed around the 230–280 nm region (D). (E and F) CD spectra of the control oligonucleotides. CD spectra of a G4-forming oligonucleotide from the promoter region of C-MYC (CMYC22) (as a positive control) (E) and a single-stranded 24mer-poly(T) [Poly(T)] (as a negative control) (F) are shown.