Fig. 5.

Mechanisms underlying PD opening of BBB for GM1-liposomes. (a) The expression of TJ (CLDN-5 and ZO-1) and adhesion (VE-cadherin) proteins as well trans-membrane protein of cellular signalling system (ARRB1). ***-p<0.001, the comparison between PD-treated mice and untreated mice. (b) Schema of photodynamic opening of BBB: PD activates the internalization of CLND-5 and VE-cadherin that is accompanied by the loss of surface of these proteins in the space between vascular endothelial cells. (c) The PD-induced changes in the MDA level in the brain tissues. (d) The PD-induced changes in cerebral SpO₂. *-p<0.05 the comparison between PD-treated mice and untreated mice.