Table 1.
Characteristics of participants (N=429)
| n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic status | Low | 56 (13.1) |
| Medium | 227 (53.2) | |
| High | 144 (33.7) | |
|
| ||
| Highest educational qualification | None or secondary school | 153 (35.8) |
| Post-secondary, but not tertiary | 168 (39.3) | |
| University degree | 106 (24.8) | |
|
| ||
| BMI at age 38, range (kg/m2) | Not obese, <30 | 319 (74.9) |
| Moderate obesity, 30–39.9 | 96 (22.5) | |
| Severe obesity, ≥40.0 | 11 (2.6) | |
|
| ||
| Current smoker at age 38 | 109 (25.4) | |
|
| ||
| Obstetric history at age 38 | Ever miscarriage | 90 (21.6) |
| Ever pregnant | 346 (81.2) | |
| Ever given birth | 315 (73.4) | |
| Ever had a caesarean section | 101 (23.7) | |
|
| ||
| Age at menarche (years) | <13 | 139 (32.4) |
| 13–14 | 213 (49.7) | |
| ≥15 | 77 (18.0) | |
|
| ||
| History of dysmenorrhoea* | At age 13 | 80 (57.6) |
| At age 15 | 237 (68.9) | |
|
| ||
| Other gynaecological factors | Diagnosed fibroids | 14 (3.3) |
| Diagnosed endometriosis | 33 (7.8) | |
| Past chlamydia infection | 131 (30.5) | |
| Used hormones since age 32 | 210 (45.1) | |
|
| ||
| Psychosocial factors | Any childhood sexual abuse | 133 (31.0) |
| Ever raped (by age 38) | 67 (16.0) | |
| Major depressive episode age 32–38 | 89 (20.8) | |
| Anxiety disorder age 32–38 | 113 (26.3) | |
| Poor sleep quality | 143 (33.5) | |
*
A total of 139 and 344 reported menstruating at age 13 and 15 respectively.