Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Randomized to Health Promotion and Dialectical Behavior Therapy groups (N = 130).
| Characteristic | Health Promotion (N = 65) n (%) |
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (N = 65) n (%) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Factors | ||||
| Site | Residential Drug Treatment 1 | 13 (20%) | 14 (21.5%) | 0.245 |
| Drop-In Site | 14 (21.5%) | 7 (10.8%) | ||
| Residential Drug Treatment 2 | 38 (58.5%) | 44 (67.7%) | ||
| Age in years | Mean (SD) | 38.6 (11.3) | 39.1 (11.5) | 0.806 |
| Race/Ethnicity | White | 11 (16.9%) | 7 (10.8%) | 0.703 |
| Black | 24 (36.9%) | 29 (44.6%) | ||
| Latino | 26 (40%) | 26 (40%) | ||
| Other | 4 (6.2%) | 3 (4.6%) | ||
| Education | < 12 years | 18 (27.7%) | 21 (32.3%) | 0.715 |
| ≥12 years or GED | 26 (40%) | 27 (41.5%) | ||
| College, vocational, or higher | 21 (32.3%) | 17 (26.2%) | ||
| Employment status | Unemployed | 51 (78.5%) | 57 (87.7%) | 0.242 |
| Employed | 14 (21.5%) | 8 (12.3%) | ||
| Incarceration Characteristics | ||||
| Months since last prison/jail exit | Mean (SD) | 16.3 (38) | 6.1 (10.4) | 0.043 |
| Number of times in prison | None | 30 (46.2%) | 29 (44.6%) | 0.343 |
| One time | 16 (24.6%) | 12 (18.5%) | ||
| 2–4 times | 13 (20%) | 11 (16.9%) | ||
| 5 or more times | 6 (9.2%) | 13 (20%) | ||
| Last incarceration due to violent offense | 24 (36.9%) | 18 (27.7%) | 0.348 | |
| Lifetime criminality score | Mean (SD) | 8.4 (3.5) | 8.7 (2.5) | 0.624 |
| Substance Use | ||||
| Any drug use (self-report + urine) | 45 (69.2%) | 44 (67.7%) | 1 | |
| Any substance use (drug or alcohol) | 48 (75.0%) | 45 (70.3%) | 0.697 | |
| Social and Behavioral Factors | ||||
| Impulse Control Difficulties | Mean (SD) | 14 (5.7) | 13.5 (5.4) | 0.669 |
| Lack of Emotional Awareness | Mean (SD) | 13.6 (5.3) | 14.1 (5.5) | 0.583 |
| Limited Access to Emotion Regulation Strategies | Mean (SD) | 17.3 (7) | 17.1 (6.5) | 0.836 |
| Devaluation and discrimination score | Mean (SD) | 47.3 (10.8) | 44.8 (11.5) | 0.208 |
| CES-D depression score | Mean (SD) | 9.6 (6.1) | 9.6 (6.7) | 0.967 |
| Mental health index | Mean (SD) | 68 (22.6) | 67.6 (23.1) | 0.927 |
| PTSD score | Mean (SD) | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.5 (1.6) | 0.289 |
| Anger/hostility score | Mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.1) | 0.817 |
| Desire for help score | Mean (SD) | 39.1 (10.5) | 40.5 (9.5) | 0.425 |
| Treatment readiness score | Mean (SD) | 40.4 (7.9) | 40.1 (9.5) | 0.822 |