Fig. 1.

CHIP expression affects mammosphere-forming ability. a Expression of different E3 ligases was compared by performing microarray analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells in mammosphere and normal cultures. b CHIP expression level was detected by performing qRT-PCR (upper) and western blotting (lower). GAPDH was used as a loading control. c The cells were infected with lentiviral vectors to generate the indicated stable cell lines. CHIP overexpression and depletion were confirmed by performing western blotting. d Mammosphere-forming ability of the stable cell lines was measured for 15 days under sphere-forming conditions, and (e) the number of spheres formed was quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Significant differences are indicated by an asterisk (*p < 0.05); p values were calculated using Student’s t test