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. 2018 Oct 4;9:1377. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01377

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Copyright © 2018 Verma, Antony, Ogunnaike, Hoek and Vadigepalli.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ca²⁺ waves in experimental data. (A) zonation of Avpr1a (arginine—vasopressin receptor 1-a) and Plcb1 (PLC beta 1, linked to IP₃ production rate) gene expression profiles across liver lobules (data from Halpern et al., 2017). Means and standard errors for gene expression values (fraction of total cellular mRNA) of each gene across the 9 layers show decreasing expression patterns from the pericentral region (PC) toward the periportal region (PP). Layer 1 lies closest to a central vein (acinar zone 3) whereas layer 9 is the farthest away (acinar zone 1); (B) Ca²⁺ wave propagation through a cluster identified using TE-based analysis. Ca²⁺ waves are initiated by hepatocytes lying close to the bottom of each panel and propagate upward. The red star in the right panel represents the approximate location of the central vein closest to the cluster. Ca²⁺ waves start from multiple hepatocytes residing near the bottom of each panel.