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. 2018 Oct 4;9:2297. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02297

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Copyright © 2018 Sun, Su, Liu, Liu, Gan, Chen and Huang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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AFB₁ upregulates TLR4-NFκB signaling and promotes inflammatory responses in SIV-infected PAMs. PAMs were incubated with or without SIV (MOI = 1), and then, the SIV-infected PAMs were incubated with various concentrations of AFB₁ for 24 h. (A) Relative TLRs mRNA, (B) TLR4 protein, (C) phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (pp65), (D) TNF-α mRNA levels and (E) IL-10 mRNA levels. Data are presented as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments. Significance compared with the SIV control group, ^*P < 0.05 and ^**P < 0.01.