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. 2018 Sep 25;9:2266. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02266

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Morphometric analysis of placental specimens from women infected with ZIKV during the pregnancy and from negative controls. (A) Photomicrography of a placental sample stained with H&E showing syncytial knots (arrows) and sprouts (*). (B) Quantification of knots and sprouts. A significant increase in the number of placental sprouts was observed in the groups whose mothers were infected with ZIKV during the first (n = 4), second (n = 7), or third (n = 6) trimester of pregnancy, when compared to the negative controls (n = 6). (C) Immunostaining with CD163 highlights Hofbauer cell hyperplasia in ZIKV-infected placentas. (D) Quantification of CD163+ Hofbauer cells. The average numbers of CD163+ cells and CD163+ cells per villus were significantly higher in the ZIKV-positive group (n = 5) than in the negative controls (n = 3). (B,D) Thirty high-power fields (HPFs = 400×) for each case were randomly selected for counting. The mean of the 30 fields was used for the statistical analyses. The Zika-infected and negative control groups were compared using either the One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test (B) or the Mann Whitney test (D). The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between the groups (*p < 0.05).