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. 2018 Oct 11;6:104. doi: 10.1186/s40425-018-0417-8

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — a Patient 1, chest CT scan demonstrating new thoracic and lumbar compression fractures, evolving over one year on immunotherapy, 2016 compared to 2017 (bracket); new sternal deformity in the setting of marked kyphosis with compensatory sternal compression (arrow). b Patient 1, transiliac bone biopsy photographed at 400×; top panel illustrates thin trabeculae and limited connectivity, consistent with osteoporosis (arrow); middle panel demonstrating increased osteoclastic activity at the sites of three Howship’s lacunae, or resorption pits (stars); bottom panel outlines histomorphometry parameters including increased eroded surface as well as decreased trabecular and cortical thickness but increased trabecular separation consistent with low bone mass