Table 2.
Risk factors for presenile nuclear cataract, as estimated from univariable and multivariable generalized estimation equation
| Risk factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Smoking status | 0.1894 | 0.1296 | ||
| Never | Reference | Reference | ||
| Former (quit ≥1 year ago) | 1.04 (0.51–2.12) | 0.9206 | 1.83 (0.74–4.51) | 0.1882 |
| Current | 1.72 (0.97–3.08) | 0.0656 | 2.80 (1.10–7.12) | 0.0310 |
| Alcohol consumption frequency | 0.7793 | 0.9150 | ||
| ≤ 1 day/month | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2–3 days/month | 1.04 (0.44–2.46) | 0.9381 | 1.43 (0.42–4.85) | 0.5662 |
| 1–2 days/week | 0.91 (0.37–2.23) | 0.8367 | 0.83 (0.26–2.61) | 0.7505 |
| 3–4 days/week | 1.34 (0.52–3.43) | 0.5409 | 1.00 (0.27–3.73) | 0.9951 |
| 5–6 days/week | 0.64 (0.14–2.97) | 0.5691 | 0.81 (0.13–4.95) | 0.8205 |
| Everyday | 2.20 (0.64–7.49) | 0.2087 | 1.00 (0.24–4.20) | 0.9970 |
| Daily exercise duration, n (%) | 0.0295 | 0.0107 | ||
| Low amounts (1-40 min/day) | Reference | Reference | ||
| None | 2.45 (1.08–5.58) | 0.0322 | 3.99 (1.27–12.52) | 0.0178 |
| High amounts (≥41 min/day) | 1.97 (1.10–3.52) | 0.0223 | 2.92 (1.38–6.22) | 0.0053 |
| Height (cm) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.1520 | 1.04 (1.00–1.10) | 0.0808 |
| Asthma | 4.87 (0.99–23.84) | 0.0510 | 8.93 (1.12–71.15) | 0.0386 |
| Tuberculosis | 3.30 (1.09–9.97) | 0.0341 | 4.28 (1.36–13.50) | 0.0131 |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.71 (0.45–1.13) | 0.1509 | 0.70 (0.38–1.28) | 0.2508 |
| TIBC (μg/dL) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.0533 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.0059 |
| HBV seropositive | 2.82 (0.91–8.74) | 0.0729 | 2.98 (0.82–10.89) | 0.0979 |
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, TIBC total iron binding capacity, HBV hepatitis B virus