Table 2.
Nutritional data and functional data of patients with renal disease according to stage of renal disease (CKD chronic kidney disease; ESRD-HD end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis; renal transplant: recipients of a renal transplant)
| CKD N = 112 |
ESRD-HD N = 24 |
Renal transplant N = 72 |
P (ANOVA) Kruskal Wallis test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 82.1 ± 18.6 | 72.5 ± 12.4 | 79.0 ± 15.0 | 0.04 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 5.1 | 24.7 ± 3.7 | 26.7 ± 4.5 | 0.02 |
| Resistance (Ω) | 475 ± 80 | 509 ± 67 | 487 ± 86 | 0.104 |
| Reactance (Ω) | 48 ± 11 | 45 ± 14 | 50 ± 13 | 0.215 |
| Phase angle (°) | 5.76 ± 1.19 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | 5.86 ± 1.03 | 0.027 |
| Appendicular lean mass (kg)a | 21.3 ± 5.2 | 19.6 ± 5.3 | 21.4 ± 4.8 | 0.274 |
| Skeletal muscle index (ALM/Ht2, kg/m2)b | 7.1 (6.3, 7.6) | 6.6 (5.7, 7.6) | 7.6 (6.2, 8.0) | 0.077 |
| Fat mass (kg) Fat mass (% of weight) |
27.4 (19.8, 35.1) 33.6 (27.4, 39.1) |
22.4 (13.9, 27.1) 29.0 (21.4, 34.5) |
25.2 (15.9, 34.8) 32.9 (23.4, 41.1) |
0.102 0.256 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 53.3 (45.8, 61.6) | 49.5 (44.9, 54.8) | 55.2 (43.3, 59.9) | 0.385 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99.2 ± 14.4 | 95.9 ± 13.6c | 98.0 ± 14.3 | 0.47 |
| Mid upper arm circumference (cm) | 32.6 ± 4.8 | 29.0 ± 3.6 | 30.5 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
| Biceps skinfold (mm) | 15 (10, 21) | 8 (4, 11) | 7 (5, 12) | < 0.001 |
| Triceps skinfold (mm) | 23 (17, 30) | 14 (10, 19) | 18 (12, 26) | < 0.001 |
| Dietary intake (Kcal/d) | 1730 (1380, 2120) | 1700 (1230, 1927) | 1794 (1303, 2087) | 0.635 |
| Dietary intake (Kcal/kg bw/d) | 22 (16, 29) | 23 (17, 30) | 21 (18, 28) | 0.875 |
| Dietary protein (g/d) | 76 (56, 96) | 71 (60, 80) | 78 (59, 103) | 0.238 |
| Dietary protein (g/kg bw/d) | 0.95 (0.73, 1.23) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.23) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.38) | 0.493 |
| Handgrip strength average (kg) | 30 ± 12 | 28 ± 12 | 30 ± 11 | 0.66 |
| Handgrip strength maximum (kg) | 32 ± 13 | 31 ± 13 | 32 ± 11 | 0.75 |
| Knee extension average (N) | 173 ± 52 | – | 183 ± 37 | 0.234 |
| Knee extension maximum (N) | 184 ± 54 | – | 195 ± 39 | 0.235 |
| Nutritonal risk (NRS2002) | 3 (3%) | 8 (33%) | 5 (7%) | < 0.001 |
| Sarcopeniad | 41 (37%) | 10 (42%) | 23 (32%) | 0.642 |
| Central obesity | 58 (53%) | 9 (39%)c | 35 (50%) | 0.490 |
Data are shown as median with interquartile range or as mean with standard deviation
aappendicular lean mass was calculated according to MacDonald et al. [10]
bSkeletal mass index calculated from appendicular lean mass divided by height squared
cn = 23
dBIA measurements were performed in 101 CKD patients, 23 ESRD-HD patients and 69 renal transplant patients due to contraindications present. In patients with missing BIA measurements, sarcopenia was defined by low hand grip strength only