Table 1.
Sources of normative reference values.
| Measure | Valuea (mean ± SD) | nb (population) | Age range (year, mean ± SD) | Gender |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staplin et al. (2012)16 | M: 53% F: 47% |
|||
| Delayed three-word test | 0.41 ± 0.75 | 675 | 70–93 (77.41 ± 5.29) | |
| Maze Test (Mazes 1 and 2) | 39.18 ± 16.92c | 639 | ||
| UFOV, subtest 2 | 206 ± 122 | 518 | ||
| VSA | 45.19 ± 24.98 | 674 | ||
| VSB | 95.50 ± 50.78 | 671 | ||
| VMI | 4.07 ± 2.50 | 681 | ||
| NHTSA17 | M: 38% F: 62% |
|||
| Head and neck flexibility | 0.77 ± 0.42 | 265 | 56–92 (77.10 ± 6.80) | |
| Rapid Walk Test | 6.77 ± 1.90 | 264 | ||
| RFTT | 6.12 ± 1.87 | 258 | ||
| Brown et al. (2005)18 | M: 42% F: 58% |
|||
| DST | 43.79 ± 8.18 | 24 (healthy controls) | NA (72.04 ± 10.28) | |
| Bopp and Verhaeghen (2005)19 | NA | |||
| DSB | 5.34 ± 0.96 | NAd | 60.7–77.8 (70.1 ± 2.8) | |
| Bopp and Verhaeghen (2005)19 | NA | |||
| DSF | 7.06 ± 1.02 | NAd | 60.7–77.8 (70.1 ± 2.8) | |
| Brown and Ryan (2003)20 | NA | |||
| MAAS | 4.20 ± 0.69 | 436 (community adults) | 18–77 (NA) | |
| Myers et al. (1999)21 | M: 10% F: 90% |
|||
| VPS | 35 ± 7 | 143 (verification phase) | 49–84 (69 ± 7) |
Abbreviations: DSB = digit span backward; DSF = digit span forward; DST = Driving Scenes Test; F = female; M = male; MAAS = Mindful Attention Awareness Scale; NA = not available; NHTSA = National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; RFTT = Right Foot Tapping Test; UFOV = Useful Field of View Test; VMI = Visualizing Missing Information; VPS = Vitality Plus Scale; VSA = visual search–A; VSB = visual search–B.
a
Scoring information can be found in Table 2.
b
Discrepancies due to some participants not completing certain measures.
c
Personal communication, L. Staplin, August 28, 2015.
d
Meta-analysis, n not reported.