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. 2018 Aug 17;10:509–518. doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.07.003

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics according to baseline diagnosis

n Control, n = 302 AD, n = 356 FTD, n = 87 VaD, n = 38 DLB, n = 61 Group-wise comparisons when significant
Female, n (%) 844 168 (56) 201 (56) 39 (45) 14 (37) 9 (15) Controls, AD < FTD, VaD < DLB
Age, in years 844 63 ± 9 68 ± 8 63 ± 7 72 ± 8 69 ± 8 Controls, FTD < AD, DLB, VaD
Cognitive tests
 MMSE 840 29 ± 1 22 ± 4 24 ± 5 24 ± 4 23 ± 4 Controls > FTD, VaD, DLB > AD
 Memory, learning 803 44 ± 10 23 ± 9 27 ± 8 25 ± 8 25 ± 9 Controls > FTD > AD, VaD, DLB
 Memory, recall 803 9 ± 3 2 ± 2 4 ± 3 3 ± 3 4 ± 3 Controls > FTD, VaD, DLB > AD
 TMT-A, in seconds 843 38 ± 17 93 ± 76 70 ± 58 112 ± 82 115 ± 81 Controls < FTD < AD, VaD, DLB
 TMT-B, in seconds 829 86 ± 42 228 ± 84 188 ± 93 254 ± 69 261 ± 73 Controls < FTD < AD, VaD, DLB
 Animal fluency 815 24 ± 7 13 ± 5 12 ± 7 11 ± 4 13 ± 5 Controls > AD, FTD, VaD, DLB
CSF
 Aβ42, pg/mL 596 922 ± 274 530 ± 167 918 ± 252 727 ± 264 741 ± 264 Controls, FTD > VaD, DLB > AD
 Total tau, pg/mL 582 307 ± 178 690 ± 407 330 ± 126 314 ± 162 344 ± 222 Controls, FTD, VaD, DLB < AD
 p-tau, pg/mL 592 50 ± 21 85 ± 39 44 ± 18 44 ± 18 51 ± 28 Controls, FTD, VaD, DLB < AD
MRI
 Hippocampus, mL 844 7.0 ± 0.8 5.7 ± 0.9 5.7 ± 1.0 6.0 ± 1.0 6.3 ± 0.9 Controls > DLB > AD, FTD, DLB
 Lateral ventricle, mL 844 29 ± 15 49 ± 20 46 ± 20 61 ± 28 43 ± 15 Controls < AD, FTD, DLB < VaD
 Inferior lateral ventricle, mL 844 1.3 ± 0.5 2.5 ± 1.1 3.1 ± 2.0 3.0 ± 1.5 .2.0 ± 0.9 Controls < DLB < AD, FTD, VaD
 Cortex, mL 844 510 ± 34 462 ± 29 462 ± 35 453 ± 29 471 ± 22 Controls > AD, FTD, DLB > VaD
 Frontal cortex, mL 844 201 ± 15 185 ± 13 179 ± 19 177 ± 14 189 ± 10 Controls > AD, DLB > FTD, VaD
 Temporal cortex, mL 844 125 ± 9 109 ± 10 105 ± 15 114 ± 10 115 ± 7 Controls > VaD, DLB > AD, FTD
 Medial temporal cortex, mL 844 20 ± 2 16 ± 2 16 ± 3 18 ± 3 18 ± 2 Controls > VaD, DLB > AD, FTD
 Parietal cortex, mL 844 111 ± 9 99 ± 8 106 ± 9 97 ± 7 101 ± 6 Controls > FTD > AD, VaD, DLB
 Occipital cortex, mL 844 74 ± 7 68 ± 7 72 ± 7 66 ± 8 67 ± 6 Controls, FTD > AD, VaD, DLB
 Anterior versus posterior index 844 -0.3 ± 0.8 -0.0 ± 1.1 -2.1 ± 1.7 -0.3 ± 1.0 0.0 ± 0.8 Controls, AD, VaD, DLB > FTD
 WMH, mL 844 2.8 ± 4.7 6.1 ± 9.2 3.8 ± 8.7 34.9 ± 26.7 4.4 ± 6.0 Controls < AD, FTD, DLB < VaD
 Cortical infarcts, mL 844 0.0 ± 0.4 0.1 ± 2.1 0.3 ± 1.8 4.1 ± 6.8 0.0 ± 0.0 Controls, AD, FTD, DLB < VaD
 Lacunar infarcts, mL 844 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.1 0.0 ± 0.0 0.2 ± 0.2 0.0 ± 0.0 Controls, AD, FTD, DLB < VaD

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; VAD, vascular dementia; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; TMT, Trail Making Test; Aβ42, β amyloid 1–42; p-tau, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task; CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease.

NOTE. Data are presented as mean ± SD, unless otherwise specified. Group differences were calculated using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni for continuous variables. For categorical variables, χ-square test was used. P < .05 = significant.

NOTE. Memory: RAVLT values, using z-scoring for those with only CERAD. MRI: volumes are defined from image segmentations produced by a multi-atlas segmentation algorithm, and we report the sum of left and right, in mL.

NOTE. Voxel- and tensor-based morphometry features are computed separately for each disease pairs and reported in Appendix; also ROI-based grading consists of eight features, so reported in the Supplementary Appendix. MRI volumes are adjusted for head size.