Table 4.

The optimal sets of diagnostic tests for each pairwise comparison

Pairwise comparison	Cognitive tests	CSF	MRI	Bal.Acc./AUC
Controls vs. AD	MMSE, Memory (recall)		ROI-based grading	95/99
Controls vs. FTD	MMSE, Animal fluency		Global VBM	92/97
Controls vs. VaD	Animal fluency		Vascular burden, temporal cortex	95/99
Controls vs. DLB	TMT-B, Memory (learning)		ROI-based grading, anterior versus posterior index	94/98
AD vs. FTD		Aβ42, p-tau		88/93
AD vs. VaD	TMT-A	p-tau	Vascular burden, medial temporal cortex, ROI-based grading	86/94
AD vs. DLB	Memory (recall), TMT-A	Aβ42, total tau	ROI-based grading, temporal cortex	82/88
FTD vs. VaD			Vascular burden, global TBM index	89/96
FTD vs. DLB	TMT-A	Aβ42	Anterior versus posterior index	84/90
VaD vs. DLB			Vascular burden	85/92

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; VaD, vascular dementia; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; TMT, Trail Making Test; Aβ₄₂, β amyloid 1–42; p-tau, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; VBM, voxel-based morphometry; TBM, tensor-based morphometry; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; Bal.Acc., balanced accuracy.

NOTE. The table shows the combinations of diagnostic tests that achieve the highest AUC in pairwise comparison of diagnostic groups.

NOTE. MRI: volumes are defined from image segmentations produced by a multi-atlas segmentation algorithm. ROI-based grading: based on hippocampus and frontal lobe regions ROI. Vascular burden: based on three features—volume of WMH, volume of cortical infarcts, and volume of lacunar infarcts. Anterior versus posterior index: index between anterior and posterior weighted volumes.