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. 2018 Oct 8;36(42):6270–6281. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.008

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Mean concentrations (±SEM) of innate (IFN-α), proinflammatory (TNF-α), Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-12) and T regulatory (TGF-β) cytokines in serum of HIFM transplanted gnotobiotic pigs fed protein deficient diet (Deficient HIFM) and protein sufficient diet (Sufficient HIFM) groups before and after virulent human rotavirus challenge. White arrows indicate time points for oral inoculation of attenuated HRV. Significant difference (*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01) between Deficient HIFM and Sufficient HIFM groups at each time point were determined by Mann-Whitney U test. HRV; human rotavirus, Deficient; protein deficient diet, Sufficient; protein sufficient diet, HIFM; human infant fecal microbiota, PTD; post transplantation day, PVD; post 1st (2nd) vaccination day and PCD; post challenge day.