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Patient enrollment: 94 patients were screened, 64 were exclude, involving 38 patients over 65 years old, 8 patients with serious impairment of respiratory function receiving preoperative intubation, 8 with arrhythmia or coronary artery disease, 6 with liver-kidney transplantation, and 2 with ASA V. Finally, 32 patients were enrolled and assigned to 3 groups according to their Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score.
