Table 3.

Mean ± SD differences in items between patients in DBS On, DBS Off, and controls.

Extra gait items				p value mean difference between groups/pos hoc pairwise comparison that showed significance
Items	DBS Off	DBS On	Controls
Shoulder flexion (°)	R: 164.01 ± 13.41	R: 166.91 ± 20.82	R: 183.43 ± 14.12	NS
	L: 160.00 ± 15.23	L: 165.05 ± 16.50	L: 183.48 ± 12.13	0.039/0.038
Shoulder rotation (°)∗	R: 147.33 ± 18.94	R: 152.60 ± 20.20	R: 184.53 ± 16.91	0.07/0.011
	R: 147.33 ± 18.94	R: 152.60 ± 20.20	R: 184.53 ± 16.91	0.07/0.030
	L: 141.41 ± 16.76	L: 142.11 ± 19.65	L: 169.93 ± 20.75	NS
Shoulder abduction (°)	R: 147.03 ± 9.56	R: 153.45 ± 13.39	R: 156.93 ± 17.12	NS
	L: 148.60 ± 13.71	L: 157.83 ± 15.94	L: 168.06 ± 22.25	NS
Trunk rotation (°)	R: 7.73 ± 2.69	R: 6.25 ± 6.25	R: 16.20 ± 5.72	0.021/0.024
	L: 5.36 ± 4.65	L: 9.01 ± 4.96	L: 13.46 ± 4.01	0.025/0.023
Trunk flexion/extension (°)	F: 30.11 ± 7.01	F: 32.11 ± 7.06	F: 44.78 ± 9.89	0.046
	E: 27.18 ± 7.04	E: 32.63 ± 18.91	E: 46.15 ± 7.35	0.049
Lunge distance (cm)	R: 62.11 ± 15.62	R: 70.49 ± 22.18	R: 85.11 ± 16.13	NS
	L: 58.52 ± 20.48	L: 68.52 ± 22.63	L: 83.15 ± 16.45	NS
Gait items
Cadence (strides/min)	83.33 ± 14.21	90.38 ± 19.84	88.51 ± 4.62	NS
Stride length (cm)	97.28 ± 18.35	105.54 ± 11.66	107.07 ± 13.35	NS
Step length (cm)	R: 50.32 ± 9.65	R: 53.19 ± 7.76	R: 54.02 ± 7.80	NS
	L: 47.48 ± 8.90	L: 53.57 ± 4.49	L: 53.47 ± 5.38	NS
Step width (cm)	R: 10.01 ± 3.10	R: 10.08 ± 4.46	R: 10.13 ± 2.75	NS
	L: 8.78 ± 2.37	L: 7.76 ± 2.36	L: 8.46 ± 1.74	NS
Gait speed (m/s)	0.68 ± 0.24	0.81 ± 0.25	0.81 ± 0.09	NS

DBS, deep brain stimulation; NS, not significant; R, right; L, left; F, flexion; E, extension. ^∗For right shoulder rotation, results are shown twice due to a double pairwise significant result.