Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample: household survey and in-depth interview respondents
| Characteristics | Total household survey sample (n=2,381)
|
Total in-depth interview sample (n=240)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | |
| Household characteristics | ||||
| Household size – persons | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 7.0 (5.0–9.0)a | ||
| Dependency ratiob | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.8) | ||
| Distance to health facility in catchment area (km) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 12.8 (10.9–16.2) | 12.8 (10.9–17.2) | ||
| Distance to health facility in catchment area (km) | ||||
| 9.5–9.9c | 290 | 12.2 | 27 | 11.3 |
| 10–14.9 | 1,317 | 55.5 | 128 | 53.8 |
| 15–19.9 | 422 | 17.8 | 46 | 19.3 |
| 20–24.9 | 134 | 5.6 | 15 | 6.3 |
| ≥25 | 212 | 8.9 | 22 | 9.2 |
| Housing characteristics | ||||
| Non-improved water sourced | 1,336 | 56.2 | 134 | 55.8 |
| Non-improved toilete | 2,140 | 89.9 | 197 | 82.0a |
| No electricity | 2,368 | 99.7 | 239 | 100.0 |
| House has earth or sand floors | 2,094 | 88.1 | 200 | 83.3a |
| Charcoal or wood cooking fuel | 2,368 | 99.5 | 239 | 99.6 |
| Characteristics of recently delivered women | ||||
| Woman’s age (years) | ||||
| 15–19 | 426 | 18.0 | 32 | 13.4 |
| 20–24 | 761 | 32.1 | 74 | 31.0 |
| 25–29 | 454 | 19.1 | 49 | 20.5 |
| 30–34 | 382 | 16.1 | 42 | 17.6 |
| 35 and older | 349 | 14.7 | 42 | 17.6 |
| Women’s age in years | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 26.1 (7.0) | 27.0 (7.2) | ||
| Years of education | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.3 (2.3) | 6.4 (2.2) | ||
| Highest level of education | ||||
| No education | 362 | 15.3 | 29 | 12.1 |
| Some primary | 968 | 40.8 | 90 | 37.5 |
| Completed primary | 476 | 20.1 | 65 | 27.1 |
| Some secondary | 532 | 22.4 | 50 | 20.8 |
| Completed secondary | 36 | 1.5 | 6 | 2.5 |
| Religion | ||||
| Catholic | 286 | 12.1 | 34 | 14.2 |
| Protestant | 2,078 | 87.6 | 204 | 85.4 |
| Other | 9 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.4 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 159 | 6.7 | 12 | 5.0 |
| Married/cohabiting | 2,092 | 88.1 | 216 | 90.0 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 125 | 5.3 | 12 | 5.0 |
| Gravida | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.5) | 4.2 (2.5)a | ||
| Parity | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.6 (2.4) | 3.9 (2.3)a | ||
| Antenatal care visits | ||||
| None | 14 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 1 | 71 | 3.0 | 4 | 1.7 |
| 2 | 217 | 9.1 | 17 | 7.1 |
| 3 | 680 | 28.6 | 75 | 31.3 |
| ≥4 | 1,392 | 58.6 | 144 | 60.0 |
| Age of index infant, most recently delivered baby (months) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.6 | 2.4 | 5.4 | 3.7 |
| Delivery location of index infant | ||||
| Home | 364 | 15.3 | 48 | 20.1 |
| Any health facility | 1,934 | 81.4 | 184 | 77.0 |
| En route to facility | 77 | 3.2 | 7 | 2.9 |
| Used MWH while awaiting delivery | 701 | 29.6 | 82 | 34.6 |
Notes:
a
Chi-squared or t-test significant at 0.05 level of significance.
b
Sum of children <18 years of age and persons 65 years or older divided by the number of adults aged 18–64 years in the household.
c
One village was located 8.3 km from the health facility but the households (n=11) from that village were located >9.5 km and were retained in the analysis.
d
Non-improved water source: unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, tanker truck, cart with small tank, surface water.
e
Non-improved toilet: pit latrine without slab/open pit, bucket toilet, hanging toilet/latrine, no facility/bush/field.
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MWH, maternity waiting home.