Table 1.
Overall Characteristics
| Weight change category (median weight change, kg) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No weight loss (3.4) |
Minimal weight loss (−6.2) |
Moderate weight loss (−19.4) |
|||
| N=367 | N=773 | N=183 | p-value | ||
| Baseline age, yrs (mean, se) | 67.8 (0.2) | 68.5 (0.1) | 68.6 (0.2) | 0.0002 | |
| Education, =>12 yrs (n, %) | 318 (86.7) | 656 (84.9) | 152 (83.1) | 0.51 | |
| Baseline BMI, kg/m2 (mean, se) | 25.5 (0.2) | 26.4 (0.2) | 30.8 (0.3) | <.0001 | |
| Baseline height, cms (mean, se) | 160.3 (0.3) | 160.1 (0.2) | 161.2 (0.4) | 0.07 | |
| Baseline total hip BMD, g/cm2 (mean, se) | 0.79 (0.01) | 0.78 (0.01) | 0.83 (0.01) | <.0001 | |
| Baseline estrogen use, ever (n, %) | 197 (54.7) | 355 (46.3) | 78 (43.1) | 0.01 | |
| Year 20 calcium use, daily (n, %) | 191 (52.8) | 421 (54.7) | 94 (51.9) | 0.72 | |
| Year 20 weight, kg (mean, se) | 69.9 (0.6) | 60.8 (0.4) | 58.5 (0.8) | <.0001 | |
| Year 20 walking speed, m/sec (mean, se) | 0.73 (0.02) | 0.67 (0.01) | 0.55 (0.02) | <.0001 | |
| Year 20 comorbidity scorea (n, %) | 0.05 | ||||
| 1 | 108 (29.5) | 245 (31.8) | 61 (33.3) | ||
| 2 or more | 53 (14.5) | 140 (18.2) | 42 (23.0) | ||
| Year 16 visual acuity, poor (n, %) | 61 (19.7) | 107 (16.5) | 23 (15.8) | 0.41 | |
| Year 20 ever smoker (n, %) | 115 (31.3) | 264 (34.2) | 59 (32.2) | 0.62 | |
| Year 20 alcohol use (n, %) | 0.01 | ||||
| <3 days/ week | 106 (29.0) | 208 (27.0) | 52 (28.4) | ||
| 3–7 days/ week | 48 (13.1) | 83 (10.8) | 6 (3.3) | ||
| Year 20 self-reported health, good/excellent (n, %) | 301 (82.5) | 610 (79.1) | 131 (71.6) | 0.01 | |
| Year 20 walks for exercise (n, %) | 160 (44.6) | 332 (44.0) | 64 (36.2) | 0.13 | |
| Year 20 depressionb (n, %) | 28 (7.9) | 96 (12.8) | 26 (14.9) | 0.02 | |
Abbreviation: se refers to standard error
a
Comorbidity index was calculated using the sum (0–7) of seven possible self-reported medical conditions, including ever having a stroke, diabetes, COPD, Parkinson’s disease, heart attack/angioplasty, congestive heart failure, or peripheral vascular disease.
b
Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Those with scores >=6 were considered to have depression.