Table 2.

Prevalence of osteoporosis by demographic and socio-economic characteristics of study participants

Variable		Total	Cases	Prevalence % (CI 95%)	P value	P value for trend
Age group	20–29	25,489	58	0.23 (0.18–0.28)	< 0.001	< 0.001
	30–39	19,278	128	0.66 (0.57–0.75)
	40–49	17,165	458	2.67 (2.38–2.86)
	50–59	14,814	893	6.03 (5.73–6.42)
	60–69	8846	660	7.46 (6.94–8.02)
	70–79	6221	920	14.79 (13.92–15.70)
	+ 80	1555	226	14.53 (12.82–16.39)
Sex	Male	45,990	543	1.18 (1.08–1.28)	< 0.001
	Female	45,824	3134	6.84 (6.61–7.07)
Marital status	Married	59,659	2654	4.45 (4.28–4.62)	< 0.001
	Single	24,599	93	0.38 (0.32–0.44)
	Widow or Divorced	5917	915	15.46 (14. 61–16.42)
Educational level	Illiterate	6684	890	13.32 (12.49–13.97)	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Primary school	8171	756	9.25 (8.62–9.93)
	Middle school	10,867	609	5.60 (5.18–6.05)
	High school	37,633	1037	2.76 (2.59–2.93)
	University	27,914	356	1.28 (1.12–1.43)
BMI	Under Weight	3130	73	2.33 (1.78–2.86)	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Normal	40,733	1144	2.81 (2.65–2.97)
	Over Weight	31,609	1427	4.52 (4.29–4.75)
	Obese	12,191	920	7.55 (7.24–7.98)
Current smoking	No Smoker	84,603	3491	4.13 (3.99–4.26)	< 0.001
	Smoker	7227	187	2.59 (2.20–3.02)
Wealth status	Poorest	17,550	1189	6.39 (6.38–7.18)	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Poor	16,543	719	4.35 (4.03–4.72)
	Moderate	17,187	622	3.62 (3.31–3.93)
	Rich	17,599	520	2.96 (2.71–3.22)
	Richest	16,772	422	2.52 (2.29–2.83)
Job	Skill Level I	2662	49	1.84 (1.38–2.42)	< 0.001	0.006
	Skill Level II	12,170	155	1.27 (1.08–1. 53)
	Skill Level III	2591	36	1.39 (1.03–1.87)
	Skill Level IV	3724	86	2.31 (1.93–2.84)
Townsend index	Most Affluent	17,097	617	3.61 (3.32–3.91)	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Affluent	12,040	442	3.67 (3.28–4.03)
	moderate	17,325	655	3.78 (3.51–4.12)
	Deprived	20,734	875	4.22 (4.02–4.53)
	Most Deprived	20,006	923	4.61 (4.28–4.89)