Table 1.
Participant characteristics, housing conditions and pest management practices, frequencies and unadjusted odds ratios for association with depressive symptoms, Integrated Pest Management Intensity Impact Study (IPMIIS), Boston 2012–2014
| N | N (%) or mean (SD) | Unadjusted odds ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | |||
| Depression present | 435 | 165 (38.0%) | – |
| Participant characteristics | |||
| Sex | 435 | ||
| Female | 325 (74.7%) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) | |
| Male | 110 (25.3%) | reference | |
| Age | 435 | ||
| 18–39 years | 119 (27.4%) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | |
| 40–64 years | 197 (45.2%) | 1.6 (1.0–2.3) | |
| 65+ years | 119 (27.4%) | Reference | |
| Race/ethnicity | 435 | ||
| Black, non-Latino | 113 (26.0%) | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | |
| Latino | 233 (53.6%) | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | |
| Other, non-Latino | 41 (9.4%) | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) | |
| White, non-Latino | 48 (11.0%) | Reference | |
| Marital status | 4331 | ||
| Divorced/separated | 151 (34.9%) | 1.7 (0.9–2.8) | |
| Never married | 153 (35.3%) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | |
| Widowed | 46 (10.6%) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | |
| Married/unmarried couple | 83 (19.2%) | reference | |
| Educational attainment | 4331 | ||
| < High school | 201 (46.4%) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | |
| High school | 128 (29.6%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | |
| At least some college | 104 (24.0%) | Reference | |
| Employment status | 4291 | ||
| Unemployed | 63 (14.7%) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | |
| Unable to work | 113 (26.3%) | 2.4 (1.3–4.5) | |
| Student, retired, or homemaker | 157 (36.6%) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | |
| Employed | 96 (22.4%) | Reference | |
| Live in high-rise building | 435 | 34 (7.8%) | 1.7 (0.7–4.1) |
| Housing conditions | |||
| Current roach infestation | 435 | 66 (15.2%) | 2.8 (1.9–4.0) |
| Current mouse infestation | 435 | 61 (14.0%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) |
| Roach and mouse infestation | 435 | 20 (4.6%) | 4.2 (2.5–6.9) |
| Reported frequency of roach sighting in last year | 4151 | ||
| Daily or few times a week | 101 (24.3%) | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | |
| Few times a month or year | 78 (18.8%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | |
| Never | 236 (56.9%) | reference | |
| Reported frequency of mouse sighting in last year | 4111 | ||
| Daily or few times a week | 62 (15.1%) | 1.5 (0.8–2.6) | |
| Few times a month or year | 88 (21.4%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | |
| Never | 261 (63.5%) | Reference | |
| Many pest promoting conditions present | 435 | 203 (46.7%) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) |
| Current mold | 435 | 70 (16.1%) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) |
| Average number of people in unit2 | 435 | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) |
| Pest management practices | |||
| Pest management levels | 435 | ||
| Traditional pest management | 150 (34.5%) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | |
| Low IPM | 170 (39.1%) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | |
| High IPM | 115 (26.4%) | Reference | |
| Evidence of pest management practices | 435 | 246 (56.6%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
| Reported pest technician visit in last 12 months | 4281 | 340 (79.4%) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
| Reported pest control product use by residents in last 12 months | 435 | 298 (68.5%) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) |
1Variable has missing values and the number of respondents for these is smaller than the full sample
2Modeled variable was three or more people per unit