Fig. 2.

Comparison of Fromme’s quality of field scores between EBVS (n = 30) and conventional (n = 30) patients. 0—no bleeding, virtually bloodless field; 1—bleeding, so mild it was not even a surgical nuisance; 2—moderate bleeding, a nuisance, but without interfering with accurate dissection; 3—moderate bleeding that moderately compromises surgical dissection; 4—bleeding, heavy, but controllable, that significantly interferes with dissection; 5—massive uncontrollable bleeding