. 2018 Oct 11;8:15155. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33564-y

Table 2.

Results of GLMM on seasonal effects and individual attributes affecting monthly resource preference (ratio time spent at the feeding station:farms, arctangent transformed), home range size (logKDE95) and flight activity (time spent flying, square-root transformed) of 45 Egyptian vultures tracked with GPS-loggers on Fuerteventura (Spain).

Fixed effects	a) Resource preference			a) Home range size		c) Activity
Fixed effects	β (SE)	F_{NUMdf, DENdf}	P	β (SE)	F_{NUMdf, DENdf}	P	β (SE)	F_{NUMdf, DENdf}	P
Intercept	−0.52 (0.23)		0.0308	−0.73 (0.25)		0.0053	1.31 (0.23)		<0.0001
Sex	−0.28 (0.33)	2.65_1,58.2	0.11	0.25 (0.36)	0.95_1,55.7	0.33	−0.96 (0.33)	4.94_1,51.9	0.0306
Age	−0.27 (0.09)	9.33_1,32	0.0045	0.05 (0.10)	0.27_1,32.8	0.61	0.10 (0.09)	1.17_1,31.5	0.29
Territorial status	−0.80(0.33)	0.02_1,51.4	0.88	2.21 (0.35)	46.67_1,49.6	<0.0001	−0.06 (0.33)	0.40_1,46.4	0.53
Dominance rank	−0.68 (0.31)	0.19_{1, 52.8}	0.67	−0.03 (0.33)	0.04_1,50.8	0.84	0.47 (0.33)	4.22_1,47.5	0.0456
Month	0.08 (0.03)	6.29_{1, 393}	0.0125	−0.12 (0.03)	12.67_1,392	0.0004	0.12 (0.03)	14.80_{1, 391}	0.0001
Sex*dominance rank	1.53 (0.37)	17.48_{1, 53.9}	0.0001	0.01 (0.34)	0.00_{1, 51.8}	0.95	−0.15 (0.37)	0.17_{1, 48.4}	0.68
Sex*territorial status		15.55_{1, 53.9}	0.0002		7.08_{1, 51.7}	0.0103		0.84_{1, 48.4}	0.36
Month²	0.17 (0.11)	15.34_{1, 389}	0.0001	0.23 (0.11)	1.69_{1, 389}	0.19	−1.02 (0.10)	126.7_{1, 388}	<0.0001
Month²* sex*dominance rank		6.80_{2, 387}	0.0012		4.15_{2, 387}	0.0165		4.28_{2, 386}	0.0145
Month²* sex*territorial status		8.38_{3, 387}	<0.0001		25.14_{3, 387}	<0.0001		3.19_{3, 386}	0.0236
Random effects	σ² (SE)	Z	P	σ² (SE)	Z	P	σ² (SE)	Z	P
Individual	0.18 (0.06)	3.20	0.0007	0.22 (0.07)	3.35	0.0004	0.21 (0.06)	3.33	0.0004
Residual	0.46 (0.03)	13.81	<0.0001	0.47 (0.03)	13.82	<0.0001	0.40 (0.03)	13.79	<0.0001
Adjusted repeatability	R	χ²	P	R	χ²	P	R	χ²	P
	0.28	64.7	<0.0001	0.32	82.3	<0.0001	0.34	85.8	<0.0001
Null-model	σ² (SE)	Z	P	σ² (SE)	Z	P	σ² (SE)	Z	P
Individual	0.47 (0.11)	4.23	<0.0001	0.43 (0.10)	4.18	<0.0001	0.18 (0.06)	3.20	0.0007
Residual	0.53 (0.04)	14.86	<0.0001	0.56 (0.04)	14.87	<0.0001	0.83 (0.06)	14.85	<0.0001
Non-adjusted repeatability	R	χ²	P	R	χ²	P	R	χ²	P
	0.47	209.1	<0.0001	0.43	184.8	<0.0001	0.18	39.8	<0.0001

All transformed response variables were scaled and centred. Repeatability (R) was calculated as the among-individual variance divided by the sum of the among-individual and the residual (within-individual) variance, and its significance tested by comparing models with and without the random effect of bird ID using a likelihood ratio test.