Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients (KNHANES from 2013 to 2015, n = 3,452).
| Euthyroidism (n = 3324) | Subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 128) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 44.26 ± 0.29 | 50.00 ± 1.43 | <0.001 |
| Sex (Male %) | 1,499 (47.9) | 49 (43.1) | 0.383 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 697 (20.6) | 28 (18.1) | 0.531 |
| High waist circumference | 844 (25.1) | 30 (26.2) | 0.812 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 873 (26.2) | 38 (26.7) | 0.922 |
| Low HDL-cholesterol | 1156 (34.3) | 47 (32.6) | 0.738 |
| Hypertension | 834 (25.2) | 31 (24.1) | 0.811 |
| High FBS | 491 (14.3) | 23 (14.9) | 0.851 |
| Smoking (%) | 609 (18.8) | 15 (13.5) | 0.175 |
| Physical activity (walking) (%) | 579 (17.0) | 12 (10.2) | 0.077 |
| Income | 0.677 | ||
| Q1 (%) | 842 (25.2) | 32 (24.7) | |
| Q2 (%) | 840 (24.8) | 30 (26.2) | |
| Q3 (%) | 845 (25.6) | 28 (20.6) | |
| Q4 (%) | 797 (24.4) | 38 (28.5) | |
| Urine iodine (mcg/g) | 507.24 ± 24.50 | 1134.43 ± 270.16 | 0.021 |
| Urine iodine | <0.001 | ||
| Q1 (<148.0) | 535 (16.0) | 17 (13.3) | |
| Q2 (148.0–275.95) | 650 (19.3) | 17 (13.5) | |
| Q3 (275.95–619.05) | 1061 (32.2) | 28 (18.5) | |
| Q4 (≥619.05) | 1078 (32.5) | 66 (54.6) | |
| TPOAb titer (UI/ml) | 26.65 ± 2.69 | 272.59 ± 87.26 | 0.005 |
| TPOAb positivity (>34.0 UI/ml) (%) | 250 (6.7) | 40 (29.0) | <0.001 |
| DM (diagnose or FBS >125 mg/dl) (%) | 179 (5.3) | 11 (7.3) | 0.332 |
| HSI index | 35.40 ± 0.72 | 35.61 ± 0.42 | 0.820 |
| HSI index | 0.184 | ||
| <30 (%) | 353 (11.2) | 12 (8.2) | |
| 30–35.9 (%) | 1839 (55.5) | 67 (50.3) | |
| ≥36 (%) | 1132 (33.3) | 49 (41.5) |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard error or number including percentage.
High waist circumference, ≥90 cm in males and ≥80 cm in females; Hypertriglyceridemia, ≥150 md/dL; Low HDL-cholesterol, <40 mg/dL in males and 50 mg/dL in females; High FBS, ≥100 mg/dL.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HIS, hepatic steatosis index = 8 × (ALT/AST ratio) + BMI (+2 for female; +2 for diabetes mellitus); TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase antibodies; DM, diabetes mellitus.