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. 2018 Oct 11;8:15132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33595-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Workflow – Induction and confirmation of the viable but non-culturable state, (b) ATP determination of non-culturable L. monocytogenes. Additionally, the viable cell count (cells/ml) was determined using the LIVE/DEAD^TM BacLight^TM viability assay (green). (c) Development of cells after reuptake in BHI medium; control (mock): culturable cells, negative control (disinfection), VBNC cells 1 h after reuptake in BHI and VBNC cells 24 h after reuptake in BHI; scale: 20 µm, enzymatic activity and ability to ferment sugar by L. monocytogenes were measured by the API 20E system.