Table 2. Effects of probiotics in clinical trials on patients with AD.

References	Probiotics strain/s	Clinical patients	Observations	Clinical outcome (SCORAD index, clinical symptoms)
Navarro-López et al.31	Bifidobacterium lactis CECT 8145, Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347, and Lactobacillus casei CECT 9104	Pediatric	Reduced use of topical corticosteroids	Improved
Wang et al.30	Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus fermentum and mixture	Pediatric	Reduced IL-4, marginally increased TGF-β, IFN-γI	Improved
Niccoli et al.63	Lactobacillus salivarius LS01	Pediatric	-	Improved
Yang et al.64	Mix: L. casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and B. lactis	Pediatric	No change in cytokine profile	No change from placebo
Inoue et al.65	Heat killed Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92	Pediatric	Reduced eosinophil count, increased TGF-β	Improved
Wickens et al.35	L. rhamnosus HN001	Pediatric	Reduced serum total IgE,	Improved
Yeşilova et al.66	Mix: Bifidobacterium bifidum, L. acidophilus, L. casei, and L. salivarius	Pediatric	Reduced IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ and total serum IgE	Improved
Iemoli et al.67	Mix L. salivarius LS01 and Bifidobacterium breve BR03	Adults	Reduced Th1/Th2 cytokines and Th17/Treg ratio	Improved
Han et al.29	L. plantarum CJLP133	Pediatric	Reduced IL-4, IFN-γ and total eosinophil count	Improved
Gore et al.68	L. paracasei CNCM I-2116 or B. lactis CNCM I-3446	Pediatric	-	No change from placebo
Drago et al.69	L. salivarius LS01	Adults	Reduced Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ), Th1/Th2 cytokines ratio and serum IgE	Improved
Woo et al.70	Lactobacillus sakei KCTC 10755BP	Pediatric	Lower serum levels of CCL17 and CCL27	Improved

AD, atopic dermatitis; SCORAD, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis; IL, interleukin; TGF, transforming growth factor; IFN, interferon; IgE, immunoglobulin E; Th2, type 2 helper T cell; Th1, type 1 helper T cell; Treg, regulatory T cell.