Figure 1.

 A, Kaposi’s sarcoma skin lesions and nodules and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines of patient 1. B, Computed tomography scan of liver post–antiretroviral therapy (ART) and after initiation of prednisone and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines of patient 2. C, Positron emission tomography scan pre- and post-ART and cytokine production of CD4 T cells after in vitro stimulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) of patient 3. Plasma inflammatory markers were measured using a multi-array electrochemiluminescence assay (Meso Scale Discovery), and T-cell responses to PPD were assessed using flow cytometry. Abbreviations: IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; KS, Kaposi’s sarcoma; TB-IRIS, tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.