Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the 16,127 Swedish twin individuals included in the study population by sickness absence (SA) status during follow-up
| No sick-leave N = 10,404 |
Sick-leave N = 5723 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Exposures | n (%) | n (%) |
| Time pressure | ||
| Twice a month or less | 6091 (58.5) | 3474 (60.7) |
| Once a week or more | 3579 (34.4) | 1795 (31.4) |
| Missing | 734 (7.1) | 454 (7.9) |
| Sleep problems | ||
| Twice a month or less | 8910 (85.6) | 4679 (81.8) |
| Once a week or more | 1440 (13.8) | 999 (17.5) |
| Missing | 54 (0.5) | 45 (0.8) |
| Covariates | ||
| Main employer past 3 years | ||
| State | 988 (9.5) | 479 (8.4) |
| Municipality | 1766 (17.0) | 1446 (25.3) |
| County council | 633 (6.1) | 456 (8.0) |
| Private sector | 5859 (56.3) | 2788 (48.7) |
| Self-employed | 743 (7.1) | 294 (5.1) |
| Other | 284 (2.7) | 172 (3.0) |
| Missing | 131 (1.3) | 88 (1.5) |
| Sex | ||
| Men | 5697 (54.8) | 2026 (35.4) |
| Women | 4707 (45.2) | 3697 (64.6) |
| Age (range 19–47, mean (SD)) | 35 (6.9) | 36 (6.9) |
| Education | ||
| Primary | 417 (4.0) | 409 (7.1) |
| Secondary/vocational | 4352 (41.8) | 2584 (45.2) |
| Higher education | 5104 (49.1) | 2317 (40.5) |
| Missing | 531 (5.1) | 413 (7.2) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 7392 (71.0) | 4068 (71.1) |
| Other | 2999 (28.8) | 1649 (28.8) |
| Missing | 13 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) |
| Job demands (mean, 1–4 (SD)) | 2.5 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.6) |
| Control (mean, 1–4) | 1.9 (0.5) | 2.0 (0.6) |
| Support (mean, 1–4) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.5) |
| Previous history of sick leave | ||
| No | 9326 (89.6) | 4213 (73.6) |
| Yes | 1078 (10.4) | 1510 (26.4) |
| Self-rated health | ||
| Excellent | 3677 (35.3) | 1599 (27.9) |
| Good | 5104 (49.1) | 2827 (49.4) |
| Moderate | 1239 (11.9) | 1022 (17.9) |
| Fairly poor/poor | 133 (1.3) | 168 (2.9) |
| Missing | 251 (2.4) | 107 (1.9) |