Table 1.
Examples of successful B. oleracea var. capitata regeneration
| Cultivar | Type of explants | The best variant of medium | % of shoot regeneration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baochun F1 | Mesophyll protoplast culture | MS + 3 mg/L kin + 0.1 mg/L GA3 | 100% callus produced shoots | Fu et al. (1985) |
| Varaždinsko, Hawke F2 | Microspore culture | NLN + 5 mg/L ABA-germination embryos B5 + 2% sucrose |
54.7–70.6% | Rudolf et al. (1999) |
| Zigan No.1, Hongmu, Ruby ball | Protoplast culture | In first stage of protoplast culture, it is important to add nurse cell of tuber mustard. MS + 1 mg/L BA + 0.2 mg/L NAA—regeneration of plantlets | 33% Zigan No.1 47% Hongmu 56% Ruby ball |
Chen et al. (2004) |
| Křimické Holt Landrace Zakamenné Landrace Zázrivá Landrace Lutiše Trvanlivé D Vysocké Kalibos |
Cotyledonary embryos | MS + 1% sucrose + 1% agar | 18.18 and 16.6% 5.88 and 11.11% 23.53 and 39.34% 44.83 and 52.00% 21.74% 42.86% 25.93% 71.79% |
Klima et al. (2004) |
| Kamienna głowa Sława of Einkhunzen |
Anther culture | B5 + 20 mg/L Kin + 2% sucrose | Kamienna głowa 17.1% Sława z Einkhunzen 8.3% |
Krzyżanowska et al. (2006) |
| N/A | Hypocotyl, cotyledon | MS + 2 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/LNAA | 50% (hypocotyls) 40% (cotyledons) |
Munshi et al. (2007) |
| Rubin | Cotyledon, hypocotyl, root | MS + 1.0 mg/L + 0.1 mg/L IBA Kin (cotyledon) MS + 1 mgL/BA (hypocotyl) MS + 1mgL/BA + 0.1mg/L IBA(root) |
41% (cotyledon) 75%(hypocotyl) 14% (root) |
Pavlovic et al. (2010) |
| DL 20, DM 56 | Microspore culture | MS + 8.9 BAP µM/L + 2.7 NAA µM/L + 50 µM/L | 42.9% (DL 20), 40.1% (DM 56) |
Cristea et al. (2012) |
| Kamienna głowa, Amager, Kilaxy F1, Benia F1, Reball F1, Rodeo F1 | Protoplasts from leaves and hypocotyls | MS medium PGRs free | Mean 0.0–34.6% 29.8% for leaves-derived protoplasts 26.2% for hypocotyl-derived protoplasts |
Kielkowska and Damaus (2012) |
| R1, R5, R7, R9, R33, K1, K6, K7, K23, K29, K35, K48, K50, K75 | Lateral buds | MS + 2 mg/L BA + 1.0 IBA mg/L | 80–100% | Pavlovic et al. (2012) |
| Cabeza Negra 2, Arena, Red Amager | Cotyledon, hypocotyl, stem | MS + 2 mg/L BAP + 0.2-04 mg/L IBA or NAA (hypocotyl) | 300 shoots (Cabeza Negra 2 and Red Amager) (hypocotyl) 25 shoots (Arena) |
Dănăilă-Guidea et al. (2012) |
| K7 | Zygotic embryos | MS + 1 mg/L BA or MS + 1 mg/L Kin |
56% | Pavlovic et al. (2013) |
| Pride of India | Cotyledon, hypocotyl | MS + 1.5 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L NAA (cotyledon) MS + 2 mg/L BAP + 0.25 mg/L IAA |
5.334 shoots per explant (cotyledon) 6.0 shots per explant (hypocotyl) |
Sharma et al. (2014) |
| KY cross | Cotyledon, hypocotyl | MS + 2.27 µM TDZ (hypocotyl) MS+ |
56.67% (cotyledon) 80% (hypocotyl) |
Ravanfar et al. (2014) |
| Saint | Hypocotyl | MS + BAP 4 mg/l + IAA 5 mg/l + Zeatin 4 mg/l | 100% | Qamar et al. (2014) |
| Kamienna głowa, Amager, Sława of Einkhunzen, Brunświcka, Ditmarska, Zora, Ula, Replika | Cotyledon, hypocotyl | MS + 8.88 μM (BAP + 0.53 μM NAA) | 22.2–66.6% (hypocotyl) | Gerszberg et al. (2015) |
| N/A | Stem, root, leaf, petiole | MS + 1.0 mg/L NAA + 1.5 mg/L BAP (steam) | 93.18% (stem) 91.40% (root) |
Daud et al. (2015) |
| Zhonggan 11, Chunfeng, Parel, Meiweizaosheng | Microspore culture | NLN + 20 mg/L AsA | Zhonggan 11 164.2 (no.) Chunfeng 15.1 Parel 53.1 Meiweizaosheng 57.5 |
Zeng et al. (2015) |
| Pride of India | Leaf, petiole | MS + 0.22 mg/L TDZ + 0.02 mg/L NAA (leaf) MS + 0.33 mg/L TDZ + 0.02 mg/L NAA (petiole) |
91.11% (leaf) 88.88% (petiole) |
Gambhir and Srivastava (2015) |
| Ercis | Cotyledon, hypocotyl | MS + 2 mg/L BAP (hypocotyl) MS + 2 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA and MS + 0.5 mg/l BAP (cotyledon) |
100% (hypocotyl) 91.6% (cotyledon) |
Ertac and Tuncer (2016) |
| Pride of India | Cotyledon, hypocotyl | MS + 0.330 mg/l TDZ + 79.70 mg/l IAA (cotyledon) MS + 0.220 mg/l TDZ + 0.088 mg/l IAA (hypocotyl) |
91.11% (cotyledon) 94.4% (hypocotyl) |
Gambhir et al. (2017a) |
N/A not available