Table 4.
Predictors of participant involvement in smalltalk group-only and smalltalk plus for the infant and toddler platforms
| smalltalk group-only | smalltalk group plus home coaching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant (n = 183) | Toddler (n = 301) | Infant (n = 264) | Toddler (n = 295) | |||||
| Coeff (95% CI) | p | Coeff (95% CI) | p | Coeff (95% CI) | p | Coeff (95% CI) | p | |
| Parent and family factors | ||||||||
| Parent age (less than or equal to 25 years) | − 1.46 (− 2.74, − 0.18) | 0.026 | ||||||
| Language other than English | − 1.36 (− 2.57, − 0.14) | 0.028 | ||||||
| Symptomatic for psychological distress | − 1.82 (− 2.86, − 0.78) | 0.001 | ||||||
| Participation barriers | ||||||||
| Family-related difficulties | ||||||||
| Difficulties with own health | − 1.75 (− 3.29, − 0.21) | 0.026 | ||||||
| Logistic difficulties | ||||||||
| Transport to and from group | − 2.20 (− 4.12, − 0.29) | 0.024 | ||||||
| Fitting in medical or other appointments | − 1.87 (− 3.42, − 0.33) | 0.018 | ||||||
| Work commitments | − 2.51 (− 4.86, − 0.17) | 0.036 | − 1.86 (− 3.17, − 0.55) | 0.006 | ||||
| Program-related difficulties | ||||||||
| Did not believe child was benefiting | − 2.55 (− 3.85, − 1.25) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Program factors | ||||||||
| Group cohesiveness | 3.09 (0.36, 5.83) | 0.027 | ||||||
| Contact with family between sessions | 3.39 (0.85, 5.93) | 0.009 | ||||||
| Facilitator age | − 0.18 (− 0.33, − 0.03) | 0.018 | ||||||
| Facilitator experience with groups | − 3.03 (− 5.71, − 0.35) | 0.027 | ||||||
| Facilitator family support knowledge/skills | 0.45 (0.14, 0.76) | 0.005 | ||||||
| Intraclass correlations | ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | ICC (95% CI) | ||||
| Facilitator-level ICC | 0.14 (0.02, 0.62) | 0.22 (0.07, 0.52) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.97) | 0.29 (0.10, 0.60) | ||||
| Group-within facilitator-level ICC | 0.61 (0.45, 0.74) | 0.70 (0.59, 0.79) | 0.50 (0.36, 0.64) | 0.71 (0.58, 0.81) | ||||
Data are unstandardised regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI) from multilevel linear regression analyses with random effects for group and facilitator. Intraclass correlations (ICC) with 95% CI are reported at the facilitator and group-within facilitator levels. Adjusted for other individual factors (child age, parent education, employment, government benefits, life events), other participation barriers (general family-related, child health/behaviour, transport, child routine) and other program factors (active participation, disruptions, facilitator early childhood experience) significant at p < .10 in unadjusted models