Table 1.

Breast cancer risk factors included in the 14 models

Name of model	Gail [37]		Rosner [42]	Rosner [25]	Colditz [50]	Ueda [38]	Boyle [39]	Lee [36]	Novotny [24]	Gail [32]	Matsuno [51]	Banegas [40]	Pffeifer [31]	Park [23]	Lee [33]	Effect	Level of evidence
Basic characteristics
Age	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes			Yes	Increased risk	Definite
Ethnicity											Yes					Jewish increased risk	Definite
Height					Yes											Increased risk	Definite
Weight					Yes											Increased risk in post-menopausal	Probable
BMI					Yes	Yes	Yes						Yes	Yes	Yes		Probable
Alcohol intake					Yes		Yes	Yes					Yes	Yes		Increased risk	Probable
Smoking								Yes						Yes		Increased risk	Possible
Physical activity							Yes							Yes	Yes	Decreased risk	Possible
Diet							Yes									Decreased risk	Probable
Hormonal and reproductive factors
Age at menarche	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Increased risk	Definite
Age at first live birth	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Increases risk	Definite
Age at subsequent birth			Yes	Yes												Increases risk	Definite
Age at menopause			Yes	Yes	Yes								Yes	Yes	Yes	Increased risk	Definite
Hormone replacement therapy use					Yes		Yes						Yes	Yes		Increases risk	Definite
Oral contraceptive use					Yes				Yes					Yes		Increases risk	Definite
Breast feeding								Yes						Yes		Decreases risk	Probable
Pregnancy														Yes		Decreases risk	Possible
Parity					Yes								Yes			Decreases risk	Definite
Children number					Yes										Yes	Decreases risk	Possible
Menopause type					Yes											Surgical menopause reduces risk	Possible
Menstrual regularity								Yes								Menstrual regularity and duration—inconsistent results	Possible
Menstrual duration								Yes							Yes		Possible
Menopausal status													Yes		Yes	Post-menopause increases risk	Possible
Gestation period															Yes	Increases risk	Possible
Family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer or diseases
Family history of breast cancer		Yes			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Increases risk	Definite
First-degree relatives with breast cancer		Yes			Yes					Yes		Yes				Increases risk	Definite
Age of onset of breast cancer in a relative							Yes									Increases risk	Probable
Benign breast disease					Yes				Yes				Yes			Increases risk	Probable
History of breast biopsies		Yes		Yes					Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes		Increases risk	Definite
Mammogram															Yes	Increases risk	Probable
Summary of risk factors included in each model
Definite factors	5		5	6	10	3	5	3	6	3	5	5	5	7	5	Max of 10 and min of 3 factors
Probable factors	0		0	0	4	1	3	2	1	0	1	0	3	3	2	Max of 4 and min of 0 factors
Possible factors	0		0	0	2	0	2	3	0	0	0	0	1	3	5	Max of 5 and min of 0 factors
Total factors	5		5	6	16	4	8	8	7	3	5	5	9	13	12	Max of 16 and min of 3 factors