Table 1.
Composition, properties and clinical indications of CAD/CAM blocks as published by representative manufacturers
| Ceramic type | Product name Manufacturer | Chemical Composition mass% | Flexural strength MPa | Modulus of elasticity GPa | Clinical indications | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feldspar | VITABLOCS®, VITA Zahnfabrik: Mark I (1985) Mark II (1991) VITA TriLuxe (2003) VITA TriLuxe forte (2007) VITA RealLife (2010) |
SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O K2O CaO TiO2 pigments |
56-64 20-23 6-9 6-8 0.3-0.6 0.0-0.1 <0.1 |
154 | 45 | veneers, inlays, onlays, partial crowns, anterior and posterior crowns, as a veneering CAD/CAM material for multi-unit bridge substructure made of oxide ceramic |
| Leucite | IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent (2006) IPS Empress CAD Multi |
SiO2 Al2O3 K2O Na2O BaO, CaO, CeO2, B2O3, TiO2 pigments |
60.0-65.0 16.0-20.0 10.0-14.0 3.5-6.5 0.5-7.0 0.2-1.0 |
160 | 62 | veneers, inlays, onlays, partial crowns, anterior and posterior crowns |
| Lithium-disilicate | IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent (2006) |
SiO2 Li2O K2O P2O5 ZrO2 ZnO Al2O3 MgO pigments |
57.0-80.0 11.0-19.0 <13 < 11 < 8.0 < 8.0 < 5.0 < 05.0 < 8 |
360±40 | 95 | veneers, inlays, onlays, partial crowns, anterior and posterior crowns, 3-unit bridges (anterior and premolar), hybrid abutments, hybrid abutment crowns; 3-unit posterior bridges, as a veneering CAD/CAM material of multi-unit bridge substructure made of IPS e.max ZirCAD |
| Lithium-silicate | Celtra Duo, Dentsply (2013) | ZrO2 | 10 | 370 | veneers, inlays, onlays, partial crowns, anterior and posterior crowns, implant-supported crown |
|
| VITA Suprinity®, VITA Zahnfabrik (2013) |
SiO2 Li2O ZrO2 P2O5 Al2O3 K2O CeO2 pigments |
56-64 15-21 8-12 3-8 1-4 1-4 0-4 0-6 |
420 | 70 | veneers, inlays, onlays, partial crowns, anterior and posterior crowns, implant-supported crown |
|
| Zirconia | Vita In-Ceram® YZ, VITA Zahnfabrik (2002) |
ZrO2 Y2O3 HfO2 Al2O3 SiO2 Na2O |
91-94 4-6 2-4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 |
>900 | 210 GPa | primary telescope crowns, anterior and posterior crowns, anterior and posterior bridge (up to 2 pontics), cantilever bridges |
| Lava™ Frame Zirconia, 3M ESPE (2001) |
ZrO2 Y2O3 Al2O3 |
>1100 | 210 | anterior and posterior crowns, splinted crowns up to 4 units, implant abutments, crowns on implant abutments, 3-unit inlay and onlay bridges, cantilever bridges, anterior adhesive bridges, 3–4 unit bridges, long-span and curved bridges |
||
| IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar Vivadent (2006) |
ZrO2 Y2O3 HfO2 Al2O3 other oxides |
87-95 4-6 1-5 0-1 |
900±50 | anterior and posterior crowns, primary telescope crowns, implant superstructures, 3-unit bridges (anterior, premolar and posterior), multiple-unit bridges, inlay bridge frameworks |
||
| All Zirconia | Lava™ Plus High Translucency Zirconia, 3M ESPE (2012) |
ZrO2 Y2O3 Al2O3 |
>90 3 0.1 |
>1100 | 210 | anterior and posterior crowns, splinted crowns up to 4 units, implant abutments, crowns on implant abutments, primary crowns, 3-unit inlay and onlay bridges, cantilever bridges, anterior adhesive bridges, 3–4 unit bridges, long-span and curved bridges |
| Cercon®ht True Color, Dentsply, Degudent (2015) |
ZrO2 Y2O3 HfO2 Al2O3 SiO2 |
5 <3 <1 |
1200 | 210 | anterior and posterior crowns, primary telescope crowns, multi-unit bridges (as frameworks or full-contour) |
|
| Zenostar® Full Contour Zirconia, Wieland Dental/Ivoclar Vivadent (2013) |
ZrO2 Y2O3 HfO2 Al2O3 |
>99 4.5-6.0 <5 <1 |
1200±200 | 210 | anterior and posterior crowns, primary telescope crowns, multi-unit bridges (as frameworks or full-contour) |
|
| Hybride | Lava™ Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative, 3M ESPE (2011) |
Ceramic: ZrO2 SiO2 Resin: Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-EMA, TEGDMA |
80 wt% 20 wt% |
204 | 13 | veneers, inlays, onlays |
| VITA Enamic®, VITA Zahnfabrik (2013) Vita Enamic® multiColor (2017) |
Ceramic network: SiO2 Al2O3 Na2O K2O B2O3 CaO ZrO2 KaO TiO2 Polymer network: UDMA TEGDMA |
wt%: 58-63 20-23 9-11 4-6 0.5-2 0.3-0.6 < 1 < 1 <0.1 66 33 |
150-160 | 30 | veneers, inlays, onlays anterior and posterior crowns, implant-supported crowns |
|
| CERASMART™, GC (2014) |
Ceramic network: SiO2 Barium glass Monomer: Bis-MEPP UDMA DMA |
71 29 |
231 | veneers, inlays, onlays anterior and posterior crowns, implant-supported crowns |
||
Bis-GMA: bisphenol A diglycidylether methacrylate; Bis-MEPP: 2,2-Bis(4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl)propane; UDMA: urethane dimethacrylate; TEGDMA: triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; Bis-EMA: ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate; DMA: dimethacrylate.