Table 3.
Objective neurological findings: cumulative data
| Parameters | Total (n = 137) | Male (n = 70) | Female (n = 67) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memory impairment | 22 (16.1) | 11 (15.7) | 11 (16.4) | 1.00 |
| Frontal release sign | 4 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.0) | 0.06 |
| Cranial nerves | ||||
| I | 38 (27.7) | 22 (31.4) | 16 (23.9) | 0.35 |
| II | 12 (8.8) | 4 (5.7) | 8 (11.9) | 0.24 |
| III | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0.45 |
| IV | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| V | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| VI | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| VII | 5 (3.6) | 3 (4.3) | 2 (3.0) | 1.00 |
| VIII | 69 (50.4) | 32 (45.7) | 37 (55.2) | 0.31 |
| IX | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| X | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| XI | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| XII | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Motor dysfunction | ||||
| Hemiparesis | 14 (10.2) | 7 (10.0) | 7 (10.4) | 1.00 |
| Neuropathy | 3 (2.2) | 3 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.23 |
| Tremor | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 |
| Parkinsonism | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0.49 |
| Sensory dysfunction | ||||
| Bilateral distal limbs | 39 (28.5) | 20 (28.6) | 19 (28.4) | 1.00 |
| Laterality (hemi) | 11 (8.0) | 3 (4.3) | 8 (11.9) | 0.12 |
| Headache | 2 (1.5) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.5) | 1.00 |
| Cerebellar dysfunction | 9 (6.6) | 5 (7.1) | 4 (6.0) | 1.00 |
| Gait disturbance due to | ||||
| Sensory abnormalities | 14 (10.2) | 10 (14.3) | 4 (6.0) | 0.16 |
| Hemiparesis (stroke) | 8 (5.8) | 3 (4.3) | 5 (7.5) | 0.49 |
| Orthopedic problems | 6 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (9.0) | 0.01* |
| Parkinsonism | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.0) | 0.24 |
| No neurological abnormalities | 37 (27.0) | 20 (28.6) | 17 (25.4) | 0.70 |
NA not analyzed
*P < 0.05, categorical variables are shown as numbers (percentages)