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Summary of the calculated estimates of the contribution of tapentadol’s opioid component to adverse effects relative to analgesia (its μ-load)
| Endpoint | Source of data | Estimated μ-load (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Constipation | Animal model (inhibition of GI transit, rat) | 30 |
| Clinical trial (cLBP) | 40 | |
| Clinical trials (OA pain) | 33–41 | |
| Respiratory depression | Animal model (inhibition of CO2 stimulation) | 39–46 |
| Clinical pharmacology (VE55)–100/150 mg vs. oxycodone | ~ 40 |
