Table 4.
Factors associated with underweight, overweight and obesity
| Variable | Underweight | Overweight | Obesity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
| Age | ||||||
| 15–19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 20–24 | 0.57 | 0.55–0.59* | 1.73 | 1.66–1.80* | 2.71 | 2.47–2.96* |
| 25–29 | 0.53 | 0.52–0.56* | 2.57 | 2.47–2.67* | 5.94 | 5.46–6.46* |
| 30–34 | 0.54 | 0.52–0.56* | 3.19 | 3.06–3.31* | 9.78 | 9.01–10.62* |
| 35–39 | 0.59 | 0.57–0.62* | 3.56 | 3.42–3.70* | 12.72 | 11.72–13.82* |
| 40–44 | 0.66 | 0.63–0.70* | 3.80 | 3.64–3.97* | 15.00 | 13.80–16.31* |
| 45–49 | 0.73 | 0.69–0.76* | 3.84 | 3.67–4.02* | 15.45 | 14.18–16.83* |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Rural | 1.25 | 1.22–1.28* | 0.49 | 0.48–0.50* | 0.28 | 0.27–0.29* |
| Educational level | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Primary | 0.82 | 0.79–0.84* | 1.34 | 1.30–1.37* | 1.69 | 1.63–1.77* |
| Secondary | 0.77 | 0.75–0.79* | 1.62 | 1.58–1.66* | 2.52 | 2.42–2.63* |
| Higher | 0.59 | 0.55–0.64* | 3.02 | 2.88–3.16* | 6.34 | 5.98–6.72* |
| Religion | ||||||
| Christianity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Islam | 1.44 | 1.41–1.48* | 0.83 | 0.81–0.85* | 0.75 | 0.73–0.78* |
| Others/no religion | 1.24 | 1.18–1.30* | 0.70 | 0.67–0.74* | 0.61 | 0.56–0.66* |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Married/currently living with a partner | 0.65 | 0.64–0.67* | 1.81 | 1.76–1.86* | 2.91 | 2.77–3.04* |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Poorer | 0.79 | 0.77–0.82* | 1.34 | 1.29–1.39* | 1.64 | 1.52–1.76* |
| Middle | 0.72 | 0.69–0.75* | 1.66 | 1.60–1.73* | 2.55 | 2.38–2.73* |
| Richer | 0.67 | 0.65–0.69* | 2.33 | 2.25–2.41* | 4.58 | 4.29–4.89* |
| Richest | 0.64 | 0.62–0.67* | 3.28 | 3.17–3.39* | 9.09 | 8.54–9.68* |
| Currently working | 0.69 | 0.68–0.71* | 1.35 | 1.32–1.38* | 1.69 | 1.64–1.75* |
| Number of children | ||||||
| Nulliparous | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 1–4 | 0.61 | 0.59–0.63* | 1.76 | 1.71–1.81* | 3.09 | 2.95–3.24* |
| 4+ | 0.69 | 0.66–0.71* | 1.79 | 1.74–1.84* | 3.04 | 2.89–3.19* |
| Alcohol consumption | 1.19 | 1.13–1.25* | 0.89 | 0.85–0.94* | 1.13 | 1.06–1.20* |
| Smoking | 2.03 | 1.92–2.16* | 0.70 | 0.65–0.75* | 0.78 | 0.70–0.86* |
| Exercise | 1.03 | 0.93–1.14 | 0.93 | 0.86–1.01 | 1.02 | 0.92–1.13 |
| Fruit consumption | ||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Moderate | 0.66 | 0.56–0.79* | 1.09 | 0.96–1.25 | 1.30 | 1.12–1.52* |
| High | 0.48 | 0.40–0.57* | 1.47 | 1.31–1.66* | 1.84 | 1.59–2.12* |
| Vegetable consumption | ||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Moderate | 0.85 | 0.71–1.01 | 1.03 | 0.90–1.18 | 1.09 | 0.92–1.28 |
| High | 0.66 | 0.56–0.78* | 1.21 | 1.07–1.37* | 1.44 | 1.24–1.66* |
RR Relative-risk ratio; *significant at p < 0.05;