Table 5.
Multivariate-adjusted odds to test the strength of association between behavioral risk factors and protozoan pathogens among HIV infected individuals.
- | Cyclospora spp | Cryptosporidium spp | Microsporidium spp | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
Drinking water | ||||||
Pipe borne water | 1.00¶ (referent) | 1.00¶ (referent) | 1.00¶ (referent) | |||
Sachet water | 0.07 (0.02-0.33) | <0.001 | 0.10 (0.03-0.39) | <0.001 | 1.30 (0.27-6.20) | 0.738 |
Bore hole water | 0.02 (0.01-5.77) | 0.356 | 0.11 (0.00-3.14) | 0.198 | 1.76 (0.06-52.71) | 0.744 |
Hand washing | ||||||
Always | 1.00£ (referent) | 1.00£ (referent) | 1.00£ (referent) | |||
Sometimes | 0.74 (0.16-3.40) | 0.700 | 1.07 (0.28-4.12) | 0.920 | 4.41 (0.22-88.54) | 0.332 |
Never/rarely | 1.78 (0.38-8.23) | 0.462 | 0.54 (0.11-2.56) | 0.435 | 20.45 (0.93-449.12) | 0.050 |
Toilet facility | ||||||
Water closet (personal) | 1.00λ (referent) | 1.00λ (referent) | 1.00λ (referent) | |||
Public toilet | 0.92 (0.22-3.83) | 0.905 | 0.17 (0.01-4.33) | 0.283 | 0.76 (0.03-21.46) | 0.872 |
Household toilet | 0.33 (0.01-8.63) | 0.508 | 0.65 (0.16-2.57) | 0.537 | 1.04 (0.18-6.10) | 0.967 |
Open defecation | 0.44 (0.04-5.40) | 0.512 | 1.25 (0.15-10.70) | 0.839 | 6.75 (0.64-71.18) | 0.112 |
Fruit washing | ||||||
Always | 1.00ψ (referent) | 1.00ψ (referent) | 1.00ψ (referent) | |||
Sometimes | 0.81 (0.23-2.92) | 0.750 | 0.63 (0.19-2.10) | 0.452 | 0.60 (0.12-3.08) | 0.540 |
Never/rarely | 0.74 (0.11-4.87) | 0.757 | 0.33 (0.05-2.11) | 0.240 | 0.67 (0.06-7.23) | 0.739 |
¶ Adjusted variables other than source of drinking water ψ Adjusted variables other than fruit washing λ Adjusted variables other than toilet facility £ Adjusted variables other than hand washing