Figure 1.

Illustration of volar anatomy and dimensions. (a) Location of the six volar pads on the pes of Rattus norvegicus. Pad abbreviations: Th, Thenar; Hth, Hypothenar; ID1, first interdigital; ID2, second interdigital; ID3, third interdigital; ID4, fourth interdigital. (b) An approximation of measured dimensions. Length (L) is defined as the greatest proximo‐distal distance; width (W) is defined as the greatest mediolateral distance perpendicular to the length of the pad (represented by the gray dashed line). Pad surface area (sa) is defined as the total area of the volar pad including all surface features.