Table 3.

Music stimuli characterization (presence or absence of lyrics) of all 11 studies included in the ALE meta-analyses.

Year	First author	Method	Sample (N)	Contrast	Music stimuli	Presence of lyrics
2007	Plailly	fMRI	13	Familiar music minus unfamiliar Unfamiliar music minus familiar	Instrumental music	No
2008	Nan	fMRI	20	Western vs. Chinese music	Melodies	No
2008	Watanable	fMRI	18	Hits minus CRs	Melodies	No
2009	Janata	fMRI	13	Familiar vs. unfamiliar	Top Pop, R&B songs	Yes
2009	Klostermann	fMRI	16	Hits vs. correct rejections	Musical clips with typical timbre and harmonies	N.A.
2010	Demorest	fMRI	16	Culturally unfamiliar vs. culturally familiar Memory for culturally unfamiliar vs. memory for culturally familiar	Instrumental classic music	No
2010	Groussard	PET	12	Musical semantic > musical reference	Tonal melodies	No
2011	Pereira	fMRI	14	Familiar > unfamiliar Unfamiliar > familiar	Pop-rock songs	Yes
2014	Altenmuller	fMRI	18	Old vs. new pieces New vs. old pieces	Symphonic film music	No
2015	Sikka	fMRI	40	Familiar vs. unfamiliar	Melodies from instrumental pieces	No
2015	Jacobsen	fMRI	32	Long-term known vs. unknown	Top 10 songs from 1977- 2007	Yes

N.A., not available.