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. 2015 Jun 2;2(2):107–115. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12160

Table 2.

Studies designed to investigate the efficacy of CBT on psychiatric disturbances in adult TS patients

Reference Primary Aim Patients (n) Intervention Main Outcome Measures Main Findings
Jeon et al.36 To compare 3 statistical strategies for classifying positive treatment response 232 TS or CTD patients Comparison of behavioral treatment to supportive therapy. YGTSS and CGI‐I A 25% decrease on the YGTSS predicted positive response on the CGI‐I
Peterson and Azrin37 Efficacy of HRT, self‐monitoring, and relaxation training 6 TS patients Counterbalanced design, videotapes ratings Tic severity Improvement in tic severity with the 3 treatments
O' Connor et al.38 Evaluating the effectiveness of CBT with and without medication 76 TS or CTD patients CBT in medicated or unmedicated TS and CTD patients TSGS, BAI, BDI No differences in CBT efficacy between medicated and unmedicated patients
Wilhelm et al.39 Efficacy of CBIT 122 TS patients 8 sessions of CBIT vs. SP YGTSS, CGI‐I CBIT was superior to control treatment in reducing YGTSS Total Tic score.
O' Connor et al.40 Efficacy habit reversal for the management of CTD and habit disorder (HD) 47 CTD and 43 habit disorders patients 4‐month treatment program vs. waitlist control group; awareness training, relaxation, and habit‐reversal training YGTSS Changes in severity of TS disorder in the habit reversal therapy group
Deckersbach et al.41 Efficacy of HRT vs. SP 30 TS patients 14 individual sessions of HR or SP YGTSS HR, but not SP, reduced tic severity. Both groups improved in life‐satisfaction and psychosocial functioning and remained stable at the 6‐month follow‐up.
Verdellen et al.43 Efficacy of HRT 32 TS patients 14 session of HR l vs. SP YGTSS Changes in severity of TS disorder in the habit reversal therapy group
Wilhelm et al.44 Evaluate the effect of ER vs. HR 43 TS patients Individual session of ER or individual session of HR YGTSS, tic frequency registrations Both treatment conditions resulted in statistically significant improvements on all outcome measures.

SP, supportive psychotherapy.