Table 2.
Reference | Primary Aim | Patients (n) | Intervention | Main Outcome Measures | Main Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jeon et al.36 | To compare 3 statistical strategies for classifying positive treatment response | 232 TS or CTD patients | Comparison of behavioral treatment to supportive therapy. | YGTSS and CGI‐I | A 25% decrease on the YGTSS predicted positive response on the CGI‐I |
Peterson and Azrin37 | Efficacy of HRT, self‐monitoring, and relaxation training | 6 TS patients | Counterbalanced design, videotapes ratings | Tic severity | Improvement in tic severity with the 3 treatments |
O' Connor et al.38 | Evaluating the effectiveness of CBT with and without medication | 76 TS or CTD patients | CBT in medicated or unmedicated TS and CTD patients | TSGS, BAI, BDI | No differences in CBT efficacy between medicated and unmedicated patients |
Wilhelm et al.39 | Efficacy of CBIT | 122 TS patients | 8 sessions of CBIT vs. SP | YGTSS, CGI‐I | CBIT was superior to control treatment in reducing YGTSS Total Tic score. |
O' Connor et al.40 | Efficacy habit reversal for the management of CTD and habit disorder (HD) | 47 CTD and 43 habit disorders patients | 4‐month treatment program vs. waitlist control group; awareness training, relaxation, and habit‐reversal training | YGTSS | Changes in severity of TS disorder in the habit reversal therapy group |
Deckersbach et al.41 | Efficacy of HRT vs. SP | 30 TS patients | 14 individual sessions of HR or SP | YGTSS | HR, but not SP, reduced tic severity. Both groups improved in life‐satisfaction and psychosocial functioning and remained stable at the 6‐month follow‐up. |
Verdellen et al.43 | Efficacy of HRT | 32 TS patients | 14 session of HR l vs. SP | YGTSS | Changes in severity of TS disorder in the habit reversal therapy group |
Wilhelm et al.44 | Evaluate the effect of ER vs. HR | 43 TS patients | Individual session of ER or individual session of HR | YGTSS, tic frequency registrations | Both treatment conditions resulted in statistically significant improvements on all outcome measures. |
SP, supportive psychotherapy.