Table 2. Sleeping hours across the explanatory variables. GDHS 2008.
| Variables | Sleeping hours | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–3 | 4–6 | >7 | ||
| 1.5% (1.2–2.0) | 14.1% (12–16.5) | 84.4% (82.1–86.4) | ||
| Age | ||||
| 15–19 | 19.5 (13.5–27.5) | 12.7 (10.1–15.7) | 21.7 (20.6–23.0) | <0.001 |
| 20–24 | 11.8 (6.7–19.8) | 14.1 (12.0–16.4) | 17.2 (15.9–18.5) | |
| 25–29 | 18.0 (12.0–26.1) | 14.2 (12.0–16.7) | 15.5 (14.6–16.5) | |
| 30–34 | 11.9 (7.4–18.6) | 15.8 (13.3–18.7) | 11.8 (11.0–12.7) | |
| 35–39 | 12.3 (7.3–19.8) | 15.2 (13.4–17.3) | 11.8 (11.0–12.6) | |
| 40–44 | 7.5 (4.0–13.8) | 10.6 (8.9–12.6) | 8.9 (8.2–9.6) | |
| 45–49 | 19.0 (12.7–27.5) | 17.4 (15.4–19.6) | 13.0 (11.5–14.8) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 45.8 (29.3–63.2) | 57.9 (41.7–72.5) | 46.5 (33.7–59.7) | <0.001 |
| Female | 54.2 (36.8–70.7) | 42.1 (27.5–58.3) | 53.5 (40.3–66.3) | |
| Residency | ||||
| Urban | 41.6 (27.3–57.4) | 54.3 (37.0–70.7) | 46.5 (35.3–58.1) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 58.4 (42.6–72.7) | 45.7 (29.3–63.0) | 53.5 (41.9–64.7) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Christian | 55.7 (44.4–66.5) | 24.6 (21.1–28.4) | 24.6 (20.0–29.9) | <0.001 |
| Non-Christian | 44.3 (33.5–55.6) | 75.4 (71.6–78.9) | 75.4 (70.1–80.0) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Akan | 38.0 (26.6–50.9) | 48.1 (40.3–56.1) | 49.5 (42.6–56.4) | <0.001 |
| Ewe | 7.8 (4.0–14.6) | 18.0 (12.7–24.9) | 13.2 (9.3–18.3) | |
| Mole-Dagbani | 35.8 (25.3–47.9) | 11.1 (8.3–14.7) | 16.9 (12.4–22.6) | |
| Other | 18.4 (10.6–30.0) | 22.8 (19.1–26.9) | 20.4 (16.8–24.5) | |
| Education | ||||
| No education | 30.9 (22.2–41.3) | 17.4 (13.1–22.7) | 17.5 (13.6–22.2) | <0.001 |
| Primary | 18.0 (12.5–25.1) | 14.6 (11.5–18.3) | 17.9 (16.0–19.9) | |
| Secondary | 45.2 (34.5–56.3) | 57.3 (52.9–61.6) | 59.0 (54.3–63.5) | |
| Higher | 5.9 (2.9–11.6) | 10.7 (6.4–17.3) | 5.6 (4.5–7.1) | |
| No. of household member | ||||
| 4 | 40.9 (32.9–49.5) | 53.9 (48.7–59.0) | 48.9 (45.5–52.4) | <0.001 |
| 6 | 34.4 (25.3–44.6) | 28.1 (24.7–31.7) | 27.4 (25.7–29.1) | |
| 8 | 9.9 (6.0–16.0) | 10.9 (8.8–13.4) | 14.9 (13.3–16.7) | |
| 8+ | 14.8 (8.5–24.7) | 7.1 (5.6–9.0) | 8.8 (7.0–10.9) | |
| Has electricity | ||||
| No | 53.4 (39.6–64.7) | 33.0 (22.9–40.9) | 39.5 (32.9–46.5) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 46.6 (34.1–59.4) | 67.0 (57.0–75.7) | 59.5 (52.3–66.0) | |
| Rooms used for sleeping | ||||
| 2 | 61.5 (49.7–72.2) | 77.0 (73.1–80.5) | 75.9 (72.4–79.1) | <0.001 |
| 4 | 20.2 (12.4–31.1) | 17.2 (14.1–20.8) | 17.7 (15.5–20.1) | |
| 6 | 8.8 (5.0–14.9) | 2.8 (2.0–3.8) | 3.4 (2.7–4.3) | |
| 6+ | 9.5 (5.1–17.0) | 3.0 (2.1–4.3) | 3.0 (2.3–3.9) | |
| Has bed | ||||
| No | 12.8 (6.8–22.8) | 8.9 (6.5–12.2) | 12.7 (9.6–16.4) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 87.2 (77.2–93.2) | 91.1 (87.8–93.5) | 87.3 (83.6–90.4) | |
| Has bed net | ||||
| No | 45.8 (36.0–55.9) | 48.5 (43.7–53.3) | 47.2 (43.3–51.1) | 0.372 |
| Yes | 54.2 (44.1–64.0) | 51.5 (46.7–56.3) | 52.8 (48.9–56.7) | |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | 31.6 (20.1–45.9) | 13.0 (8.5–19.3) | 17.1 (12.1–23.6) | <0.001 |
| Poorer | 21.9 (14.3–32.1) | 15.1 (10.3–21.7) | 18.5 (15.3–22.3) | |
| Middle | 13.6 (8.4–21.2) | 17.7 (12.9–23.8) | 18.8 (16.0–22.0) | |
| Richer | 19.3 (11.8–30.0) | 24.0 (20.7–27.7) | 23.1 (20.0–26.6) | |
| Richest | 13.6 (7.9–22.4) | 30.2 (19.3–43.8) | 22.5 (16.4–30.0) | |
| Working | ||||
| No | 25.3 (18.2–33.9) | 12.6 (10.9–14.6) | 23.9 (22.3–25.6) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 74.7 (66.1–81.8) | 87.4 (85.4–89.1) | 76.1 (74.4–77.7) | |
| Smokes cigar | ||||
| No | 96.9 (91.8–98.9) | 95.9 (93.8–97.3) | 96.4 (95.0–97.5) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 3.1 (1.1–8.2) | 4.1 (2.7–6.2) | 3.6 (2.5–5.0) | |
| Drinks alcohol | ||||
| No | 78.8 (69.8–85.6) | 66.5 (61.7–70.9) | 74.2 (70.5–77.4) | 0.124 |
| Yes | 21.2 (14.4–30.2) | 33.5 (29.1–38.3) | 25.8 (22.5–29.4) | |