Table 3. Odds ratios from logistic regressions of civic and political participation youth organizing alumni from immigrant families, California Young Adult Study.

	Volunteered	Community work	Online voice	Protested	Registered to vote
Model 1
Family background
Politically engaged parent	1.286	1.046	1.279	0.914	0.920
	(0.376)	(0.281)	(0.324)	(0.231)	(0.295)
College-educated parent	1.496	0.582	1.010	0.867	0.719
	(0.654)	(0.211)	(0.362)	(0.314)	(0.302)
Low-income	1.974	1.198	1.419	3.149***	1.210
	(0.818)	(0.491)	(0.561)	(1.371)	(0.534)
Model 2
Family background
Politically engaged parent	1.244	1.015	1.232	0.862	0.944
	(0.368)	(0.280)	(0.322)	(0.225)	(0.346)
College-educated parent	1.488	0.590	0.948	0.917	0.462
	(0.661)	(0.221)	(0.351)	(0.346)	(0.232)
Low-income	1.792	1.086	1.268	2.860**	1.044
	(0.776)	(0.468)	(0.522)	(1.297)	(0.544)
Youth characteristics
Race/ethnicity (ref. Latino)
Asian-Pacific Islander	0.832	0.909	1.264	0.795	0.592
	(0.246)	(0.257)	(0.342)	(0.217)	(0.213)
Othera	2.484	1.934	1.661	1.700	1.346
	(1.619)	(1.065)	(0.773)	(0.822)	(0.865)
Male	1.102	1.137	0.957	1.594*	0.498**
	(0.298)	(0.292)	(0.230)	(0.390)	(0.170)
Age	1.061	1.096	1.128*	0.959	1.428***
	(0.075)	(0.071)	(0.070)	(0.059)	(0.163)
Non-citizen	1.251	1.198	2.198**	1.989**
	(0.426)	(0.387)	(0.672)	(0.606)
College enrollment (ref. no college)
Community college	0.853	0.475	0.947	0.994	3.582***
	(0.312)	(0.174)	(0.316)	(0.337)	(1.626)
Four-year college	1.116	0.376***	0.995	0.787	4.270****
	(0.409)	(0.135)	(0.328)	(0.261)	(1.900)
Unweighted sample size	1180	1180	1180	1180	1040

^aIncludes Non-Hispanic Blacks.

Two-tailed tests: * p ≤ .10, **p ≤ .05, ***p ≤ .01, ****p ≤ .001