Effect of GSNO, CAPE, and combination GSNO+CAPE for 7 days on the expression of PGC1α, HO-1, and MnSOD. The expression of PGC1α, HO-1, and MnSOD was measured in the traumatic penumbra region using western analysis (A) and its densitometry (B). TBI brain had reduced expression of PGC1α, HO-1 and increased expression of MnSOD. All treated groups had increased expression of PGC1α, HO-1, and MnSOD compared with TBI group. However, GSNO+CAPE group had increased expression of HO-1 and MnSOD compared with GSNO or CAPE alone. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n=4). ***p<0.001 vs. Sham, +++p<0.001, ++p<0.01, +p<0.05 vs. TBI, ##p<0.01, #p<0.05 vs. GSNO, $p<0.05 vs. CAPE.