Table 2.
Oxidative stress levels and rat hepatic functions at 4 months after the administration of different diets.
| Variables | ND | HFHF | HFHF/ND | HFHF/NDRC | HFHF/HFHFRC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma oxidative stress parameters | |||||
| Plasma total antioxidant capacity (mM trolox equivalent) | 5.75 ± 0.18 | 5.75 ± 1.167 | 5.99 ± 0.131 | 6.43 ± 0.35∗ $ | 6.18 ± 0.26 |
| Plasma lipid peroxide, TBARS (μM malondialdehyde) |
35 ± 1.14 | 66.98 ± 9.57∗∗ | 34.7 ± 0.925$$ | 34.67 ± 3.097$$ | 41.93 ± 6.02$ |
| Catalase activity (μmol/L) SOD activity (% inhibition) |
0.0516 ± 0.03 57.52 ± 5.83 |
0.022 ± 0.004∗
71.43 ± 4.22∗ |
0.039 ± 0.011 81.11 ± 1.98∗∗ |
0.044 ± 0.010$ 80.9 ± 1.36∗∗ |
0.043 ± 0.006 81.11 ± 2.49∗∗ |
| Vascular oxidative stress | |||||
| DHE fluorescence (% vs. ND) | 100 ± 18.5 | 183.3 ± 7.1∗∗∗ | 160.9 ± 17.1∗∗ | 124.2 ± 7.4$$ | 200.2 ± 17.1∗∗∗ |
| eNOS fluorescence (% vs. ND) | 100 ± 10.7 | 53.3 ± 7.2∗∗∗ | 78 ± 3.01$ | 131.5 ± 10∗ $$$ | 111.05 ± 18.05$ |
| Nitrotyrosine fluorescence (% vs. ND) | 100 ± 8.3 | 113.5 ± 15 | 107.4 ± 7.8 | 100.3 ± 11.2 | 162.1 ± 31.3∗ |
| Hepatic oxidative stress | |||||
| Catalase activity (g/mL) SOD activity (% inhibition) |
0.50 ± 0.01 99.9 ± 0.39 |
0.49 ± 0.01 105.4 ± 5.09 |
0.53 ± 0.012∗
$$
103.3 ± 1.84 |
0.53 ± 0.006∗
$$
99.75 ± 1.33 |
0.47 ± 0.003∗
103.3 ± 0.78 |
| Hepatic function | |||||
| Liver weight (g) (% vs. rat weight) |
17.12 ± 0.45 3.07 ± 0.03 |
22.28 ± 2.01∗∗
3.50 ± 0.28 |
17.83 ± 0.78$
3.13 ± 0.12 |
17.53 ± 1.12$
3.28 ± 0.13 |
21.37 ± 1.25∗
3.71 ± 0.16∗∗ # |
| Triglycerides (nmol/mg of liver) | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 19.9 ± 2.4∗∗∗ | 2.7 ± 0.3$$$ | 2.2 ± 0.3$$$ | 6.1 ± 1.1∗ $$$ |
| Cholesterol (mg/mg of liver) | 7.8 ± 0.7 | 32.7 ± 9.9∗∗∗ | 10.6 ± 1.6$$ | 13.9 ± 1.6$ | 14.2 ± 2.5$ |
| Glycogen storage (mg/mg of liver) | 0.0417 ± 0.0034 | 0.02405 ± 0.0027∗ | 0.04615 ± 0.0071$ | 0.0335 ± 0.001 | 0.0446 ± 0.0084$ |
| Plasma γGT (U/L) | 17.3 ± 0.58 | 34.1 ± 11.08∗ | 25.9 ± 0.35 | 27.2 ± 0.69∗ | 28.78 ± 2.85∗ |