Table 2.
Descriptions of the included acupuncture and related therapies.
| Study ID (Country) | Style of acupuncture | Names of acupuncture points used | Retention time | Frequency & duration of Acupuncture sessions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allison et al. 1995, USA | AAS | NR | 2-3 min | 3 sessions daily for 12 weeks |
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| Hsu et al. 2005, Taiwan | EA | Qiai(REN9), Shuifen(REN9) Shuidao(ST28), Siman(K14) Zusanli(ST26), Fenglong(ST40) Sanginjao(SP6) |
40 min | 2 sessions weekly for 6 weeks |
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| Richards et al. 1998, Australia | AAS | Shenmen(TF4), Stomach(CO4) | 15-20 min | 2 sessions daily for 4 weeks |
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| He et al. 2008, China | Combined therapies# | Ear acupressure: Shenmen(TF4), Neifenmi(CO18), Pi(CO13), Wei(CO14), Sanjiao(CO17), Dachang(CO7), Naodian Body acupuncture: Tianshu(ST25), Guanyuan(RN4) Sanyinjiso(SP9), Fenglong(ST40) Zusanli(ST36) |
Ear acupressure:3 days Body acupuncture:30 min | Ear acupressure:1 session every 3 days with a total of 10 sessions Body acupuncture: The first 5 days of treatment 1 time, 5 days after treatment 1, 1 month, for a course of treatment. |
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| Li et al. 2006, China | EA | Sanginjao(SP6), Tianshu(ST25) Zusanli(ST36), Quchi(LI11) Fenglong(ST40), Neiting(ST44) Zhongwan(CV12), Pishu(BL20) Shenshu(BL23), Qihai(CV6) Yinlingquan(SP9), Shangjuxu(ST37) Taichong( LR3) |
10 min | 1 session daily with a total of 60 sessions, 2 days rest in-between 10 sessions |
| AAS | Hunger point Pizhixia(AT4) Shenmen(TF4), Shenshangxian(TG2P) Sanjiao(CO17), Pi(CO13) Wei(CO14), Fei(CO14) Kou(CO1), Dachang(CO7) Zhichangxiduan(HX2) |
15-20 min | 1 session daily with a total of 10 sessions for 10 weeks, 2 day rest in-between 10 sessions | |
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| Tong et al. 2011, China | Acupuncture | Zhongwan(CV12), Zhongji(CV3) Daheng(SP15), Xiawan(CV10) Shimen(CV5), Tianshu(ST25) Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanli(ST36) Yinlingquan(SP9) |
30 min | 1 session every other day for a total of 5 weeks with 12 sessions |
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| Hsu et al. 2009, Taiwan | AAS | Hunger point, Shenmen point(TF4) Stomach point(CO4), Endocrine point(CO18) |
3 days | 2 sessions weekly for a total of 6 weeks with 12 sessions |
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| Hsieh et al. 2010, Taiwan | AAS | NR | 2/3 days | 1 session weekly for 10 sessions |
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| Hsieh et al. 2011, Taiwan | AAS | NR | NR | 1 session weekly for a total of eight weeks |
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| Abdi et al. 2012, Iran | AAS | Shenmen(TF4), Stomach(CO4) Hunger point Mouth(CO1) Centre of ear(HX1), Sanjiao(CO17) |
3 days | Twice a week for a total of 6 weeks |
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| Darbandi et al. 2012, Iran | AAS | Shenmen(TF4), Stomach(CO4) Hunger point Mouth(CO1) Centreof ear(HX1), Sanjiao(CO17) | 3 days | Twice a week for a total of 6 weeks |
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| He et al. 2012, China | AAS | Hunger point Stomach(CO4) Spleen(CO14), LargeIntestine(CO7) Endocrine(CO18), Shenmen(TF4) |
3 days | 3 times a day for 4 weeks |
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| Lien et al. 2012, Taiwan | AAS | Shenmen point(TF4), Stomach point(CO4) Hunger point, Endocrine point(CO18) |
NR | 3 session weekly with a total of 12 sessions for 4 weeks |
| Placebo | Shenmen point(TF4), Stomach point(CO4) Hunger point, Endocrine point(CO18) |
NR | 3 sessions weekly with a total of 12 sessions for 4 weeks | |
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| Darbandi et al. 2014, Iran | EA | Tianshu (ST-25), Weidao(GB28) Zhongwan(REN12), Shuifen(REN9) Guanyuan(REN4), Sanyinjiao(SP6) Quchi(LI11), Fenlong(ST40) Qihai(REN6), Yinlingquan (SP9) |
20 min | 2 sessions weekly for a total of 6 weeks |
| AAS | Shenmen (TF4), Stomach (CO4) Hunger point, Mouth (CO1) Center of ear (HX1), Sanjiao (CO17) |
3 days | 2 sessions weekly for a total of 6 weeks | |
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| Yeh et al. 2015, Taiwan | EA | Shenmen (TF4), Stomach CO4) Endocrine (CO18) Hunger point |
20 min | NR |
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| Chen et al. 2007, China | ACE | Liangqiu(ST34), Zhongwan(CV12) Tianshu(ST25), Shuifen(CV9) Fenglong(ST40) | A week | 1 session weekly with a total of 30 sessions for 4 weeks |
| Acupuncture | Liangqiu(ST34), Zhongwan(CV12) Tianshu(ST25), Shuifen(CV9) Fenglong(ST40) | 45 min | The first 5 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 5 days, 1 month is 1 course of treatment. | |
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| Huang et al. 2011, China | ACE | One set is Tianshu(ST25) Zhongwan(CV12), Guanyuan(CV4) Zusanli(ST36), Weishu(BL21) Ashixue |
24 hour | 1 session weekly with a total of 7 sessions for 60 days |
| EA | Zhongwan(CV12), Tianshu(ST25) Daheng(SP15), Shuifen(CV9) QIhai(CV6), Guanyuan(CV4) Zusanli(ST36), Ashixue |
30 min | 3 sessions weekly with a total of 12 sessions for 60 days | |
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| Tang et al. 2009, China | Combined therapies | EA: Zhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10) Guanyuan(CV4), Tianshu(ST25) Shuifen(CV9), Sanyinjiao(SP6) Zusanli(ST36), Xuehai(SP10) Xinshu(BL15), Geshu(BL17) Pishu(BL20) ACE: Zhongwan(CV12), Tianshu(ST25) Qihai(CV6), Tianshu(ST25) Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanli(ST36) Gongsun(SP4), Xinshu(BL15) Pishu(BL20) |
EA:30 min | EA:The first 3 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 3 days, 15 days is 1 course of treatment. ACE:After the first acupoint catgut embedding for 3 consecutive times, the interval is buried for the second time after 15 days, and the acupuncture is performed for the third time after the end of the treatment period. |
| EA | Zhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10) Guanyuan(CV4), Tianshu(ST25) Shuifen(CV9), Sanyinjiao(SP6) Zusanli(ST36), Xuehai(SP10) Xinshu(BL15), Geshu(BL17) Pishu(BL20) |
30 min | The first 3 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 3 days, 15 days is 1 course of treatment. | |
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| Shi et al. 2006, China | Combined therapies | Zhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10) Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3) Tianshu(ST25), Daheng(SP15) Liangmen(ST21), Huaroumen(ST24) Shuidao(ST28), Quchi(CV6) Zhigou(TE6), Hegu(LI4) Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanlli(ST36) Shangjuxu(ST37), Fenglong(ST40) Sanyinjiao(SP6), Gongsun(SP4) Neiting((ST44) |
30 min | EA:The first 3 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 3 days, 15 days is 1 course of treatment. ACE: After the first acupoint catgut embedding for 3 consecutive times, the interval is buried for the second time after 15 days, and the acupuncture is performed for the third time after the end of the treatment period. |
| EA | Zhongwan(CV12), Xiawan(CV10) Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3) Tianshu(ST25), Daheng(SP15) Liangmen(ST21), Huaroumen(ST24) Shuidao(ST28), Quchi(CV6) Zhigou(TE6), Hegu(LI4) Liangqiu(ST34), Zusanlli(ST36) Shangjuxu(ST37), Fenglong(ST40) Sanyinjiao(SP6), Gongsun(SP4) Neiting((ST44) |
30 min | The first 3 days are 1 times a day, and 1 time after 3 days, 15 days is 1 course of treatment. | |
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| Hsu et al. 2005, Taiwan | EA | Qihai (REN-6), Shuifen (REN-9) Shuidao (ST-28), Siman (K-14) Zusanli (ST-26), Fenglong(ST-40) Sanginjao (SP-6) |
40 min | 2 sessions weekly with a total of 12 sessions for 6 weeks |
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| Güçel et al. 2012, Turkey | Acupuncture | Hegu(LI4), Shenmen(HT7) Zusanli(ST36), Neiting(ST44) Sanyinjiao(SP6) |
20 min | 2 sessions weekly with a total of 10 sessions for 5 weeks |
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| Deng et al. 2014, China | Combined therapies | Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan(CV 10) Qihai(CV 6), Guanyuan( CV4) Huaroumen (ST 24), Wailing ( ST 26) Daheng (SP 15), Tianshu (ST 25) Yinjiao (CV 7), Zhigou (TE 6) Zusanll (ST 36) |
NR | Acupuncture:1 session every 3 days with a total of 21 sessions for 4 weeks, 3 days rest between every session Acupoint catgut Embedding:1 session weekly with a total of 3 sessions for 3 weeks |
| Acupuncture | Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan(CV 10) Qihai(CV 6), Guanyuan( CV4) Huaroumen (ST 24), Wailing ( ST 26) Daheng (SP 15), Tianshu (ST 25) |
30 min | 1 session every 3 days with a total of 21 sessions for 4 weeks, 3 days rest between every session | |
| Acupoint catgut embedding | Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) Yinjiao (CV 7), Zhigou (TE 6) Guanyuan( CV4), Zusanli (ST 36) | NR | 1 session weekly with a total of 3 sessions for 3 weeks | |
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| Hassan et al. 2014, Egypt | AR | NR | NR | NR |
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| He et al. 2014, China | AR | NR | NR | NR |
| acupuncture | Tianshu (ST25), Liangmen(ST21) Daheng (SP15), Zusanli (ST36) Sanyinjiao(SP6), Quchi (LI11) Zhigou (SJ6), Zhongwan(RN12) Qihai (RN06) |
30 min | 1 session daily with a total of 21 sessions for 3 weeks | |
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| Wang et al. 2013, China | EA | Neiting(ST44), Shangjuxu(ST37) Xiajuxu(ST39), Fenglong(ST40) Tianshu(ST25), Zusanli(ST36) Quchi(LI11) |
30 min | 1 session every 2 days with a total of 12 sessions for 3 weeks |
| Acupuncture | Neiting(ST44), Shangjuxu(ST37) Xiajuxu(ST39), Fenglong(ST40) Tianshu(ST25), Zusanli(ST36) Quchi(LI11) |
30 min | 1 session every 2 days with a total of 12 sessions for 3 weeks | |
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| Sujung et al. 2014, South Korea | AAS | Shen-men(TF4), Stomach(CO4) Spleen(CO13), Hunger point Endocrine(C018) | NR | 1 session weekly with a total of 8 sessions for 8 weeks |
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| Bu et al. 2007, China | Combined therapies | Acupuncture: Tianshu(ST25), Guanyuan(CV4) Zusanli(ST36), Fenglong(ST40) Sanyinjiao(SP6) AAS: Shenmen(TF4), Endocrine(C018) Spleen(CO13), Stomach(CO4) Dachang(CO7), Sanjiao(CO17 ) Naodian |
Acupuncture:30 min ear acupressure:1 day |
1 session every day with a total of 10 sessions for 6 weeks, 1 week rest in-between 10 sessions. |
| Acupuncture | Tianshu(ST25), Guanyuan(CV4) Zusanli(ST36), Fenglong(ST40) Sanyinjiao(SP6) | 30 min | 1 session every day with a total of 10 sessions for 6 weeks, 1 week rest in-between 10 sessions. | |
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| Shi et al. 2005, China | Warming acupuncture | Zhongwan(CV12), Shuifen(CV9) Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3) Tianshu(ST25), Shuidao(ST28) Neiguan(PC6), Hegu(LI4) Xuehai(SP10), Zusanli(ST36) Fenglong(ST40), Sanyinjiao(SP6) |
40 min | 1 session every day with a total of 15 sessions for 4 weeks |
| EA | Zhongwan(CV12), Shuifen(CV9) Qihai(CV6), Zhongji(CV3) Tianshu(ST25), Shuidao(ST28) Neiguan(PC6), Hegu(LI4) Xuehai(SP10), Zusanli(ST36) Fenglong(ST40), Sanyinjiao(SP6) |
40 min | 1 session every day with a total of 15 sessions for 4 weeks | |
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| Yang et al. 2010, China | AR | Zhongwan(CV12), Tianshu(ST25) Guanyuan(CV4), Zusanli(ST36) Fenglong(ST40), Yinlingquan(SP9) Sanyinjiao(SP6), Pishu(BL20) Weishu(BL21), Ashixue | 30 min | 1 session daily with a total of 15 sessions for 7 weeks, 3 days rest between every session |
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| Cabioglu et al. 2005, Turkey | EA | Body points: Hegu(LI 4), Tianshu(ST 25) Quchi(LI 11), Zusanli(ST 36) Neiting(ST 44 |
30 min | Body EA was performed everyday, and EA was performed every other day |
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| Cabioglu et al. 2006, Turkey | EA | Body points: Quchi(LI 11), Zusanli(ST 36) Neiting(ST 44) |
30 min | Body EA application was performed daily for 20 days, and EA was applied to each ear on alternating days |
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| Cabioglu et al. 2008, Turkey | EA | Body points: Hegu(LI 4), Quchi(LI 11) Tianshu(ST 25)Zusanli(ST 36) Taitong(Liv 3), Neiting(ST 44) |
30 min | Body EA application was performed daily for 20 days, and EA was applied to each ear on alternating days |
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| Darbandi et al. 2013, Iran | AR | Inrervention group: Tianshu(ST 25), Weidao(GB 28) Zhongwan(RN 12), Shuifen(RN 9) Guanyuan(RN 4), Sanyinjiao(SP 6) Excess group: Quchi(LI 11), Fenglong(ST 40) Deficiency group: Qihai(RN6), Yinlingquan(SP9) |
20 min | Two treatmennt per week for a total of 6 weeks(12 treatments) |
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| Fogarty et al. 2015, Australia | AR | Hegu(LI 4), Quchi(LI 11) Zusanli(ST 36), Neiting(ST 44) Taichong(LR 3) Auricular acupuncture: Shenmen(TF4) |
NR | NR |
LM: lifestyle modification; AAS: auricular acupoint stimulation; EA: electroacupuncture; ACE: acupoint catgut embedding; WA: warming acupuncture; AR: acupuncture and related therapies; #combination of acupuncture and related therapies.