Figure 3.

Mechanisms of the involvement of P_es in heart-lung interactions under positive pressure mechanical ventilation. Under mechanical ventilation, the mechanisms of heart-lung interactions can differ greatly in the case of preserved or altered lung compliance. Heart-lung interactions rely on the increase in P_pl and on P_TP in patients with preserved or altered compliance, respectively. P_aw, airway pressure; LV, left ventricle; MV, mechanical ventilation; P_es, esophageal pressure; P_pl, pleural pressure; P_TP, transpulmonary pressure; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; SVC, superior vena cava.