Table 2.

Baseline characteristics and risk of bias of the included trials in NMA

Study, year	Proportion of males (%)	Mean age (years)	Proportion of smokers (%)	Mean COPD duration (years)	FEV1 predicted (%)	Proportion with exacerbation history (%)	Selection bias		Performance bias	Detection bias	Attrition bias	Reporting bias
							Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment?	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessments	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting
Kerwin et al, 2012,13 ACCORD COPD I	52	65	44	NR	54	NR
Rennard et al, 2013,14 ACCORD COPD II	53	62	53	NR	53	NR
Jones et al, 2012,15 ATTAIN	68	62	54	NR	56	34	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low
Lee et al, 201516	98	68	NR	NR	53	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
D’Urzo et al, 2011,17 GLOW1	82	64	34	6.2	55	21.20	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Low	Low
Wang et al, 2015,18 GLOW7	96	65	22	4.4	51	23.70	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low
Chapman et al, 2014,19 GLOW5	74	63	45	6.3	54	23.60	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Kerwin et al, 2012,20 GLOW2	64	64	45	6.6	56	26.50	Low	Low	High	High	Low	Low
Ambrosino et al, 200821	84	67	NR	11.1	41	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low
Brusasco et al, 200322	77	64	NR	9.4	39	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Casaburi et al, 200023	65	65	NR	9.0	39	NR	High	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Casaburi et al, 200224	65	65	NR	8.4	39	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Chan et al, 200725	60	67	30	9.9	39	100	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Covelli et al, 200526	58	65	39	10.2	39	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	High	Low
Donohue et al, 201027	63	64	NR	NR	55	NR	Low	Low	High	High	High	Low
Johansson et al, 200828	48	61	60	4.8	73	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low
Moita et al, 200829	NR	NR	27	NR	41	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Niewoehner et al, 200530	99	68	30	12.0	36	NR	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	High	Low
Freeman et al, 2007,31 SPRUCE	54	65	NR	NR	49	NR	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Trooster et al, 201432	68	62	60	NR	66	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Tashkin et al, 2008,33 Celli et al, 2009,34 UPLIFT	75	65	30	9.9	48	NR	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Verkindre et al, 200635	94	61	29	9.4	35	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low
Zhou et al, 2017,36 Tie-COPD	85	64	41	0.6	78	NR	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Vincken et al 2002,37 van Noord et al 200038	85	64	NR	11.3	41	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Bateman et al, 201039	74	65	37	8.9	46	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Bateman et al, 201040	78	65	36	8.2	45	NR	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Voshaar et al, 200841	68	64	40	10	41	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	High	Low
Wise et al, 2013,42 Wise et al, 2013,43 Anzueto et al, 2015,44 TIOSPIR	61	66	37	NR	48	NR	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Trivedi et al, 201445	62	63	54	NR	46	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Feldman et al, 201646	72	64	51	NR	51	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Rheault et al, 201547	69	64	48	NR	51	32.5	Low	Low	High	High	Low	Low
D’Urzo et al, 2014,48 AUGMENT	53	64	52	NR	54	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	High	Low
Singh et al, 2014,49 ACLIFORM	68	63	47	NR	54	NR	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Vogelmeier et al, 2016,50 AFFIRM	65	63	NR	NR	53	32	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low
Bateman et al, 2013,51 SHINE	75	64	40	6.2	55	24.90	Low	Low	High	High	Low	Low
Dahl et al, 2013,52 ENLIGHTEN	77	63	45	5.64	57	34	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Vogelmeier et al, 2013,53 ILLUMINATE	71	63	48	7.0	60	0	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Wedzicha et al, 2016,54 FLAME	76	65	40	7.3	44	100	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Zhong et al, 2015,55 LANTERN	95	65	25	5.2	52	20.8	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Wedzicha et al, 2013,56 SPARK	74	63	38	7.2	37	100	Low	Low	High	High	Low	Low
Singh et al, 2015,57 OTEMTO 1	60	65	49	NR	55	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Singh et al, 2015,57 OTEMTO 2	63	65	46	NR	55	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Buhl et al, 2015,58 Buhl et al, 2017,59 TONADO1	72	64	37	NR	50	NR	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Buhl et al, 2015,58 Buhl et al, 2017,59 TONADO2	72	64	37	NR	50	NR	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	High	Low
Kerwin et al, 201760	66	64	50	NR	60	34	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Siler et al, 201661	59	63	54	NR	47	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Zheng et al, 201562	93	64	29	NR	47	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Donohue et al, 201363	71	63	51	NR	47	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Decramer et al, 2014,64 study 1	68	64	47	NR	48	48.6	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Decramer et al, 2014,64 study 2	68	64	45	NR	48	34.5	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Maleki-Yazdi et al, 201465	68	62	57	NR	46	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Donohue et al, 2015,66 study 1	70	63	43	NR	49	NR	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Donohue et al, 2015,66 study 2	76	64	52	NR	50	NR	Low	Low	Low	Low	High	Low
Singh et al, 201567	72	62	59	NR	51	0	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Tashkin et al, 200868	68	63	42	NR	40	100	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Rennard et al, 200969	64	63	41	10.5	40	100	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Bhatt et al, 201770	81	68	37	NR	NR	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Kerwin et al, 201371	67	62	54	NR	48	22	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Martinez et al, 201372	72	62	53	NR	48	22	Low	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low
Covelli et al, 201673	65	63	52	NR	50	55	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Pepin et al, 201474	86	67	46	NR	46	NR	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear
Dransfield et al, 2014,75 study 1	69	61	55	NR	48	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Dransfield et al, 2014,75 study 2	69	61	55	NR	49	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Dransfield et al, 2014,75 study 3	69	61	55	NR	48	NR	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Agustí et al, 201476	82	63	NR	NR	48	89	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear
Asai et al, 201577	98	63	50	NR	NR	NR	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low
Hanania et al, 200378	64	64	45	NR	42	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low
Mahler et al, 200279	69	63	50	NR	41	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Calverley et al, 2007,80 Jenkins et al, 2009,82 Jones et al, 2011,81 TORCH	76	65	43	NR	44	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Zheng et al, 200783	89	66	22	NR	47	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Cazzola et al, 200784	90	65	88	NR	38	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low
Perng et al, 200985	94	73	61	NR	58	NR	Low	Unclear	High	High	Low	Low
Dahl et al, 200186	74	63	46	8.0	45	NR	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	High	Low
Taylor et al, 200187	63	66	NR	9.7	42	NR	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Low

Abbreviations: NMA, network meta-analysis; NR; not reported.